THE GEAMOPHONE REDDIE. 



213 



a layer of lampblack, or other substance which could be easily re- 

 moved by the point of the stylus. He provided a diaphragm, C, 

 which was held by its edges in a casing, D, and to the center of this 

 diaphragm he attached one end of the recording stylus, E. This stylus 

 or bar was fulcrumed halfway down to the side of the diaphragm 

 casing, and the other end was 

 left free to move in accordance 

 with the vibrations of the dia- 

 phragm under the impact of 

 the sound waves. The point 

 of the stylus lightly touched 

 the strip on which the record 

 was to be traced, and as the 

 diaphragm was spoken against, 

 and the drum rotated, the 

 stjdus removed the lampblack 

 from the record in a sinuous 

 undulatine: line. The record 



Fig. 



-Model of fli'st gramoiihone patent. 



thus obtained he j^roposed to 

 preserve by coating it with varnish or the like. For the purpose of 

 reproduction he copied the record in a resisting material, either 

 mechanically, by engi^aving, or by etching, or photo-engraving, and 

 this gave him a permanent record, consisting of a wavy grooved line 

 in a strip of copper, nickel, or other material. To reproduce the 



sounds recorded, this strip was in 

 turn stretched round a drum, the 

 point of the stylus placed in the 

 groove, and the drum rotated. This 

 caused the diaphragm to which the 

 other end of the stylus was attached 

 to vibrate and reproduce the recorded 

 sounds. The sj)ecification continues: 

 In the phonograph and graphophone the 

 end of the reprodncing stylus which bears 

 upon the indented or engraved record, has a 

 vertical upward and downward movement ; 

 it is forced upwardly in a positive manner 

 by riding over the elevated portion of the 

 record, but its downward movement is ef- 

 fected solely by the elastic force of the dia- 

 phragm, which latter is always under ten- 

 sion. In my improved apparatus the stylus travels in a groove of even depth and 

 is moved positively in both directions ; it does not depend upon the elasticity of 

 the diaphragm for its movement in one direction. This I consider to be an ad- 

 vantage, since by this method the whole movement of the diaphragm is posi- 

 tively controlled by the record, and is not affected or modified by the physical 



Fig. 4. — Berliner recording 

 phragm and stylus (1888). 

 furnished by E. Berliner.) 



dia- 

 (Cut 



