402 ANNUAL EEPOET SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1908. 



far mentioned as from the Cretaceous of Peru. It may not be 

 improper to recall, in this connection, that Forbes in discussing the 

 Permian or Triassic of Bolivia says that he was informed that a 

 complete Saurian head had been extracted from the beds and also 

 some fossil bones and teeth. This material aj)pears never to have 

 been studied critically and not even a generic name has been applied. 



The Mesozoic fossils sent to Gabb by Raimondi were described 

 (1877) and figured, but since then they have not been reviewed crit- 

 ically and studied in connection with further collections, excepting 

 that the descriptions have been referred to by later workers. The 

 opinions which Gabb ventured to give were not very definite, as 

 would naturally be the case in dealing with meager and scattered 

 collections. In several instances he simply stated the age of the 

 beds according to the opinion of Raimondi. Gabb gave with his 

 paper a synopsis of the South American invertebrate paleontology 

 and a bibliography of South American paleontology. 



A number of fossils collected by Durfeldt from the coal-bearing 

 formation at Pariatambo, Peru, and belonging to the Freiburg 

 Museum, were studied by Steinmann (1881) and determined as 

 indicating the Albien and marine origin of the beds. 



This was the first paper by Steinmann dealing critically with the 

 paleontology of Peru, To him and his colaborers we are indebted 

 for a number of subsequent papers which are published under his 

 supervision as Contributions to the Geology and Paleontology of 

 South America. 



The material from Peru studied by Gerhardt (1897) consisted of 

 a block containing fossils from Morococha (Pariatambo), sent by 

 Don Jose Barranca, of Lima, to Doctor Steinmann. By dissolving 

 the stone in acid a small fauna was obtained. Tlie additional fossils 

 from the Strasburg Museum were those collected by Reiss and Stubel 

 from the same place. With this material he was better able to 

 determine the age of the beds which Gabb had considered as Liassic 

 and Steinmann had determined as Albien on the border between 

 upper and lower Cretaceous. He concludes that the coal-bearing 

 beds of Pariatambo are of marine origin, and that certainly in Albien 

 time in Peru a fauna reigned which was related to that of Europe 

 and north Africa. In studying the fossils of Venezuela he identified 

 Ammonites Andii Gabb from Peru with a Venezuela Lenticras, and 

 so concluded that the lower Senon was present in Peru. 



The paleontological paper on the Cretaceous of South America, by 

 Paulcke (1903), in so far as it pertains to Peru, is a filling out of the 

 fauna studied by Gerhardt and extends our knowledge of the upper 

 Cretaceous. Most of the specimens were collected by Reiss and 

 Stubel in Cajamarca and nearby places in northern Peru, but some 

 were collected by J. Bamberger. He found the Senonian of the 



