THE ANTARCTIC QUESTION MACHAT. 



455 



German and Scotch explorers undertook the study of the ice banks 

 lying farther to the east already approached or entered by Cook, Bel- 

 lingshausen, AVeddell, J. Ross, and by the Challenger (1874). Re- 

 garding the large expanse extending as far as to the south of Aus- 

 tralia, toward the scene of Dumont d'Urville's and Wilkes's cruises, 

 the charts then indicated only approximatel}^ the location of the ice- 

 pack front and of 

 lands imperfectly 

 seen or su^iposed to 

 exist. 



The German ex- 

 pedition in the 

 Crduss, headed by 

 M. von Drygalski, 

 and which was ex- 

 ploring at the same 

 time as the Atii- 

 arctic (1902-3), 

 was enabled, by 

 wintering to the 

 south-southeast of 

 Kerguelen in lati- 

 tude GG° 2' S., to 

 make a careful 

 study not only of 

 the ice bank, but 

 also of the various 

 formations of coast 

 glaciers that bind 

 it to the inland ice. 

 Several perilous 

 journej'S permitted 

 approach to the 



, . , , 1 . ^ Surveys of the Bclr/ica. 



COnimentai giaciei Ilypotbetical lines based on observations of the Bclgica. 



to survey and make ^^ surveys of the Nordcnsljjold expedition in the Antarctic. 



I , 1 . -P +1, "~" Surveys of the 'Francois. 



pnoiOgrapns OI tne Double underline indicates a wintering station. 



volcanic cone of 



Mount Gauss, situated on its border and perhaps a part of the polar 



continent itself. The scientific instruments of the vessel, carefully 



kept and handled by expert specialists, made possible most accurate 



observations in physiography and natural history. The expedition 



was also provided wuth a balloon, which was utilized on several 



occasions.** 



" Von Drygalski has issued a detailed description of the Gauss expedition : 

 Zum Kontiuent des eisigen Siidens, Berlin, 1904. 8°. See also, Bericht iiber 

 88292~SM 1908 30 



Fig. 1.- 



-Territory explored by de Gerlache, Otto Norden- 

 skjold, and Charcot. 



