456 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1908. 



It was farther west, toward the Weddell Sea, that Bruce's Scotch 

 expedition in the Scotia directed its researches. The two campaigns 

 of 1903 and 1904, signalized by journeys over the ice pack, gave oppor- 

 tunity to reconnoiter an ice cliff 30 or 40 meters high for a distance of 

 150 miles and which probably has a land base (Coats Land).*^ 



Exploration in the vicinity of Victoria Land. 



To the south of New Zealand, in the latitude where J. Ross in 1842, 

 after the discovery of Mount Erebus, met the great ice barrier that 

 bears his name, two scientific expeditions have established the contour 

 of a part of the polar lands. The ship Southern Cross, which started 

 at the same time as the BcJgica, wath M. Borchgrevink, sojourned in 

 the polar zone from February 17, 1899, to January 28, 1900. This 

 expedition began a detailed survey of the lands south of Balleny 

 Islands; first, the northwest extremity of Victoria Land, where a 

 meteorological station was erected on Cape Adare, and then at Coul- 

 man and at Erebus islands. A cruise toward the southeast along 

 Eoss's great barrier, and journeys over the ice pack as far as latitude 

 78° 50' S., beyond the extreme point reached in the past, have helped 

 to establish the nature of these formations between Mount Erebus and 

 Edward VII Land. The very fine collections of natural history, the 

 photographs of the coasts or valleys discovered and of the littoral 

 moraines brought back by the Southern Gross constitute results of 

 great scientific value.^ 



But the most successful and remarkable of all the Antarctic expe- 

 ditions was that of the Discovery (1902-1904), superbly equipped 

 as it was for the task. The reconnoitering and survejdng of the coast 

 of Victoria Land and the neighboring islands from Cape Adare and 



Verlauf nnd Ergebnisse der deutschen Siidpolar Expedition, Zeitschr. fiir Erdk., 

 Berlin, 1904, pp. 14^1. 



The detailed scientific reports are published in illustrated quarto pamphlets. 

 They have been reviewed in the following publications : Von Drygalski ; Die 

 deutsche Siidpolar Expedition. Bericht iiber die wisseuschaftlichen Arbeiten, 

 Berlin, 1903. 8°. The Verhandlungen of the Fifteenth Geological Congress at 

 Danzig (June, 1907) contains seven reports of the members of the expedition 

 intermediate between the description of the voyage and the scientific results. 

 Finally, Doctor Philippi, of the expedition, who had devoted himself and his 

 recognized ability to the study of climate and glaciology, has issued, in the 

 Zeitschr. der Gletscherkunde (July 1, 1907), a remarkable memoir entitled: 

 " Ueber die Landeisbeobachtungen der letzten fiinf Siidpolar Expeditionen," 



'^ W. S. Bruce, Rob. C. JMossman, etc. : First Antarctic voyage of the Scotia. 

 Scottish Geogr. Mag., 1904, pp. 57-66, 113-133. For the second cruise, see ibid., 

 1905, pp. 23-37, 401-440. 



* Borchgrevink : First on the Antarctic Continent. London, 1901. S°. This 

 description was reviewed in Geogr. Journ., 1901, p. 478. Another description is 

 that issued by Beruacchi : To the South Polar Regions. London, 1901. 8°. 



