550 ANNUAL EEPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION^ 1908. 



in the State of Jalisco, where it is called " nopalillo de flor." A 

 new si3ecies {N. guate?nalensis) with linear reflexed leaves and very 

 spiny areoles was recently described by Doctor Rose from specimens 

 collected in Guatemala by Mr. AVilliam R. Maxon, of the United 

 States National Museum. According to Professor Pittier, who ob- 

 tained flowers and spines of this species at Zacapa, it is locally known 

 as tuna lengua-de-vaca, or " cow's-tongue prickly pear." Figure 14, 

 page 449, was made from Professor Pittier's jDliotograph." 



III. SUBFAMILY CEREOIDE.^. 



In this group there are no glochidia, the spines are never barbed, 

 and the leaves are reduced to scales often so minute as to be invisible 

 to the naked eye. The ovules are not covered by the expanded funic- 

 uli; the seeds, instead of being bony and ivory colored, as in the 

 0]Duntioide8e, have dark, thin, glossy shells, either quite smooth, or 

 pitted, or covered with wartlike tubercles; and the cotyledons, instead 

 of being leaflike, as in the Opuntioidese, are more or less globose. 



Schumann divides this subfamily into two tribes: (1) Echinocac- 

 tece^ including Cereus and its allies, Echinopsis, Echinocactus, Leuch- 

 tenbergia, and Melocactus, forming the subtribe Armatw, which is 

 characterized in general by stout, spinj^ stems; and Phyllocactus, 

 Epiphyllum, Hariota, and Rhipsalis, forming the subtribe Ina?'- 

 matce, with spineless and leaflike or slender cordlike stems; and (2) 

 MamiUariece, including Mamillaria and its allies, Pelecyphora and 

 Ariocarpus. 



In most of the Echinocactese the flowers are tubular and the ovary 

 and fruit either scaly or covered with little tufts of wool from which 

 sj)ines issue. In Rhipsalis, however, the flowers are wheel shaped. 

 The fruits of some species of the Cereus group are unarmed, while 

 in Cactus (Melocactus) the smooth, red, club-shaped fruit resembles 

 the " chilitos " of a Mamillaria. Areoles, or pulvilli, as they are 

 sometimes called, are composed of two parts, aculeiferous, or spine 

 bearing, and floriferous, or flower bearing. In Echinocactus these 

 are either united into a single areole or are separated by a short 

 groove (as in Echinocactus scheerii). In Ecliinocereus the flower or 

 young bud bursts through the epidermis above and close to the 

 spiniferous areole. On the other hand, in some divisions of Mamil- 

 laria the spine-bearing and flower-bearing areoles are quite separate, 

 the flowers appearing to spring from between the tubercles of the 

 plant (pi. 9, fig. 1), while in the subgenus (or genus Coryphantha 

 the two areoles are joined by a long groove, and the flowers, growing 

 from the nascent or very young tubercles, appear to spring from the 

 apex of the plant (pi. 14, fig. 3) very much as in the group of the 



" See Rose, J. N. Nopalea guatemalensis, a new cactus fi-om Guatemala. In 

 Smithsonian Misc. Collections, vol, 50, p. 330. 1907. 



