EXCAVATIONS AT BOGHAZ-KEUI — WINCKLER AND PUCHSTEIN, 687 



The occurrence which is here alluded to illustrates peculiar condi- 

 tions in the old Orient. An entire people migrates, seeking new 

 habitations in a land of foreign lords. There was no lordless land 

 in the old Orient, although the more frequently these lands were 

 really unprotected by the lords. A similar movement (in which 

 Isuwa is also mentioned) is recorded in a treaty which regulated the 

 relation of the Chatti King Mursil or Hattusil (probably the first) 

 to Sunassura of Kizwadna. This country, too, seceded at the time of 

 the " grandfather " (of the Chatti King) to the Charri, and this was 

 accomplished b}^ migrations to IsuAva. The biblical migrations of 

 Abraham's people to Palestine and Egypt and of the Israelites from 

 Egypt appear in a new light, just as here a discontented people seeks 

 a home in a defenseless or poorly protected land of another lord, 

 whose rule is less oppressive, and allows of freer development, so did 

 the Israelites migrate to another land. 



The historical introduction of the treaty describes other expedi- 

 tions and conquests of the Chatti King which were provoked by the 

 hostility of Tushratta and mentions other countries and persons 

 w^ho are in part met with in the Amarna and Assyrian inscriptions. 

 The document then reviews the reason for the present treaty, at the 

 same time giving an account of the end of Mitani : 



When Iiis son and his servants had entered a conspiracy and liilled his 

 father, Tushratta. * * « Teshub decided the case In favor of Arbatama, 

 and the laud of Mitani was entirely ruined. The Assyrians and Alsheians 

 divided it. But the great King [of Chatti] until then did not cross the Eu- 

 phrates nor exact taxes and tribute from the country of Mitani. When he 

 learned of the poverty of Mitani he sent them palace people [that is, members 

 of the royal house], cattle, sheep, and horses, for the Charri people got thei*e 

 into misery. Suttatava, together with the notables, sought to kill Mattiuaza, 

 the son of the King. He fled and came to the sun Subbiluliuma. The great 

 King said: "His case was decided by Teshub, taking the hand [helping] of 

 Mattiuaza, sou of King Tushratta, I place him upon the throne. * * * " 

 The great King gave the country of Mitani, for the sake of his daughter, a new 

 life. I took ^Mattiuaza by the hand and gave him my daughter for a wife. 



Here ends the introduction to the treaty. There then follow the 

 conditions regulating the relation of Mattiuaza to his protector. He 

 enters into a " sonshijD." His empire is thus not properly a vassalage, 

 but something like a protectorate. He is to dismiss all his wives and 

 have only the daughter of the Chatti King as wife. Their offspring 

 shall be heirs to the throne. Between Chatti and Mitani shall be 

 friendship. Regulations regarding the extradition of " fugitives," 

 similar to those of the treaty with Egypt, are agreed upon. At the 

 conclusion the gods of both countries are invoked as witnesses of the 

 alliance. 



The account of the events after Tushratta's death opens new vistas 

 into the conditions of the various countries. The Charri must have 



