688 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1908. 



played a part in Mitani, which accounts for the mentioning of their 

 King Artatama at the beginning of the treaty. They may represent 

 a people living under their own King toward Asia Minor, but who 

 overran Mitani and seized the reins of government. 



There are scarcely any documents bearing directly upon Assyria, 

 though a fragment speaks of "Adad-nirai, your lord," which may be 

 part of a letter from Subbiluliuma to that Assyrian King. 



From the data known before the present excavations were un- 

 dertaken it was expected that instead of the center of the Chatti 

 Empire, the country of Arsawa (Arsapi) would be mentioned. It 

 was not surprising, therefore, to find this country often referred to 

 in the new documents, and while it seems to have always been under 

 the influence of the King of Chatti, it must have been an independent 

 state, for Amenophis III writes directly to its King, Tarchunclaraus, 

 and a cliiDlomatic intercourse could be maintained only with inde- 

 pendent states. The country must have been situated somewliere 

 within Asia Minor. Fragments of a lengthy tablet (in the Hittite 

 language) record the affairs of Arsawa. There is mention of King 

 Alakshandu, evidently a contemporary of Hattusil (and probably 

 also of Mursil, who is likewise mentioned), and who was at all event? 

 a successor of Tarchundaraus, as the latter must have been a con- 

 temporary of Subbiluliuma. 



Less frequent is the occurrence of Alashia-Cyprus, which in the 

 Tel el-Amarna finds is represented by its own letters. In the frag- 

 ment in which it is mentioned it is referred to, as in the Amarna 

 letters, as furnishing copper, its main product. 



Aitakuma, Prince of Kinza, known from the Amarna letters, is 

 met with in the historical portion of tlie Mattiuaza treaty and else- 

 where. His son, Shama-Teshub, is represented by his own letters. 



Most remarkable is the overlapping of both archives (of Tel el- 

 Amarna and Chatti) in their accounts concerning the country of 

 Amurri and its princes. The importance inherent in the "Amorites " 

 as old settlers of Palestine and Phenicia is now augmented when it 

 can be seen how everything developed from the conditions of a great 

 immigration, and what attitude the Amorite people of Canaan and 

 Phenicia assumed toward the other peoples of this immigration, in- 

 cluding the Habiri. 



In the Amarna letters Aziri, Prince of Amurri, plays in northern 

 Phenicia the part of a disturber of the peace. Aside from several 

 of his own letters to the Egyptian court, he is very frequently men- 

 tioned in the letters of the other princes as the soul of all disturb- 

 ances. The capture and destruction by him of the city of Sumur in 

 the territory of Byblos forms the subject of many complaints and 

 much correspondence. The court of Egypt ordered him to rebuild 



