692 ANNUAL EEPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1908. 



of a Syrian prince, Namiawaza. On the other hand, none of the 

 names of the royal family of Mitani and Gharri is formed with 

 that of the principal god Teshub, while that of the oldest member 

 is Saush-shatar, the second part of which corresponds to Aryan 

 Kshatra, as rendered in cuneiform script. The same observation is 

 made with regard to the members of the royal family of Chatti. 



Considering the ethnology of earliest Palestine, it hardly need be 

 pointed out that the Charri are the Horim of the Old Testament. 



The two strata of people, represented by their languages, may be 

 designated as the Aryan and the Teshub. There are indications that 

 the Teshub-strata was superimposed upon a still older one. The 

 chief god of Chatti, as well as of Mitani, was Teshub, the national 

 sanctuary at the city of Chatti being consecrated to him. But other 

 divinities are recorded, bearing in part purely Babylonian names (as 

 Zagaga), who must belong to the earlier periods of Babylonian influ- 

 ence. A predominating part is also played by the cult of the sun. 

 The " sun of (the city of) Arinna " is frequently mentioned, and 

 seems to rival with Teshub for the supremacy, so that it must have 

 been a famous sanctuary of high antiquity. 



Compared with the rich harvest of written documents, the finds of 

 sculptures were not large. The immense area of the temple, the 

 principal building, yielded nothing of the kind. It must have been 

 previously ransacked. Only in the court of the temple were there 

 found remnants of a water basin. One piece of the basin lay on the 

 surface and was formerly considered as the " throne ; " it is as such 

 described by Perrot and Chipiez. One end is formed by two lions 

 with their fore parts turned outward. The other end is represented 

 by a corresponding figure of a lion, only of a considerably larger size. 

 Their relation is that of a full-grown animal to a young one (pi. 2, 

 figs. 1 and 2). Aside from this the city gates furnished some of the 

 best examples of Hittite art. A specimen is here ' reproduced, the 

 lion's gate (from a drawing of O. Puchstein, pi. 3) . The finds at other 

 gates brought to light by the excavations of the Archeological Insti- 

 tute are better reserved for discussion by specialists. 



These objects will probably have to be placed in the same period 

 as the documents. To an earlier stage of art belong two stone 

 blocks found on the mountain declivity above the "temple" (pis. 

 4 and 5). They apparently served as bases of statues. Though the 

 general meaning of the representation is evidently a symbolical scene, 

 yet the interpretation of the individual objects will present many 

 riddles. No indications of the former placement of the two pieces 

 could be found. Further search resulted only in finding the head of 

 a clay statuette of the Hellenistic period. There was a rich harvest 

 of potteries. All the different epochs from the Hittite to the Galatian 

 periods are probably represented by numerous samples. The treat- 

 ment of this subject must likewise be left to specialists. 



