EXCAVATIONS AT BOGHAZ-KEUI WINCKLER AND PUCHSTEIN. 695 



" e " on pi. 8) , doubtless for the statue of the god who was here ven- 

 erated. Winckler surmises that it was the god Teshub who once 

 dwelt in this principal temple of Chatti. 



The general arrangement of the temple was typical. Kohl proved 

 the existence of, and then excavated, three other buildings of the 

 same kind in the ancient city area — in the upper city. They are 

 located, like the large one, upon natural terraces. A fifth building, 

 close to the structure at the east gate, where in 1906 some tentative 

 digging was done, exhibits an entirely different plan. It seems to 

 have been a palace. The latter, like the four temples, exhibits pecu- 

 liar elements within the type of old oriental architecture and is spe- 

 cifically North Hittite. We have thus gained a clear conception 

 of the manner of building characteristic of the interior of Asia 

 Minor in the second millenium B. C. 



The importance of the site of the city has been pointed out by 

 Winckler. The area, inclosed by fortress walls, is situated on the 

 declivity of a mountain and at its foot. Its view is grander and 

 more impressive than would -appear from Humann's excellent chart 

 of 1882, by reason of its wide expanse, its terrace-shaped construc- 

 tion, the great difference in height between the more level lower city 

 and the more rolling upper city, and, finall}^, on account of the pro- 

 jecting summits and rocks, some of which were specially adapted for 

 citadels. The city must have once presented a view similar to the 

 Syrian fortress in Egyptian pictures. Kohl, with the surveying 

 board, has made a new, careful, and accurate plan of Boghaz-Keui 

 (pi. 9). 



The general plan of the city, as well as the walls with their towers 

 and gates, which no doubt belong to the same period as the temples 

 and the palace, are on a grander scale than was to be expected from 

 former accounts. The part of the walls constructed of large stones 

 recalls in its technique the fortifications of the citadels of Mycena?, 

 which belong to about the same period, though .not exactly 

 identical with it. The principal wall of Boghaz-Keui stood upon a 

 mighty earthern rampart, whose slope was plastered with stones. A 

 similar construction is observed in Senjirli, North Syria. The wall 

 averaged 5 meters in thickness, in places 8 meters, and consisted of a 

 high stone socle or basement, of which some remnants remain; and 

 upon this rose, according to authentic vestiges, a structure of wood 

 and sun-dried bricks. The towers projected beyond the wall and were 

 mostly in close proximity to one another. 



In front of this principal wall, upon the slope of the rampart, 

 stood another weaker wall, likewise provided with towers. Such a 

 double wall also protected Senjirli, in North Syria, though it was 

 88292— SM 1908 i5 



