696 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1908. 



constructed after another scheme, and similar fortifications are now 

 brought to light in Babylon and Asshur. 



The so-called sally ports of Boghaz-Keui were very strong. They 

 were narrow but high passages, vaulted with corbel, which led at 

 some places through the rampart and w^ere in parts 72 meters long. 

 They were j^robably constructed for purposes of defense and served 

 as sally gates. 



The part of the wall most exposed to attack, in the south of the 

 city, was more closely examined. The tower that stood in the center, 

 on the highest point of the wall, w^as built as a gate tower whose 

 entrance, both within and without, was flanked w4th sphinxes; frag- 

 ments of the best preserved of these are now in Constantinople. At 

 both ends of the front wall of attack, steep stone steps led from the 

 ground through the plaster of the slope of the high wall to the end 

 towxr of the front wall. 



Finally, as regards the city gates, we completed the uncovering of 

 the south and east gates, which was begun by Makridy Bey in 1906, 

 and excavated the two west gates, which were close together. At the 

 lower west gate was found the tablet of Arnuanta mentioned above. 

 Each of the towers was flanked by a gate. The plan of the gates is 

 very simple, including a chamber about the same width as the wall, 

 which could be closed on either side. The framings of the openings 

 consisted of large stones, constructed on the same principle as the 

 roofing of the sally ports of a high elliptical corbel vault, but below 

 it had colossal posts surmounted by two or three stones which gradu- 

 ally projected and inclosed the elliptical curve. AA^iile at the south 

 gate (pi. 3) both posts are decorated with large lions on the out- 

 side, at the east gate (pi. 10) only the inside of the left post bears 

 a sculpture, probably representing a young warrior in life size, who, 

 like an Egyptian king, is clad only with apron and helmet, standing 

 in the usual posture — the left hand balled, while in the right he holds 

 a magnificent battle-ax. Unfortunately, there is no inscription at- 

 tached to the figure, though it doubtless represents a Hittite king, 

 either Subbiluliuma or Hattusil, or some other one who might have 

 erected the walls and gates of Chatti. This royal figure and the lions 

 at the east gate are, from an art standpoint, the finest and most im- 

 portant sculptures of the old Hittites so far known. European 

 museums should at least procure plaster casts of them. 



