732 ANNUAL EEPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1908. 



" The succession of strata in several of the mountains of Westro- 

 gothia was already known in a general way before Linne's visit there 

 (1746). Sweclenborg ^ had accounted for the strata of Billingen 

 * * * and Linne's pupil Kalm '^ had paid a visit to the mountains 

 of Kinnekulle, Halleberg, and Hunneberg, leaving a description con- 

 taining an almost complete account of them. * * * 



The first of the Westrogothia mountains visited by Linne was 

 Kinnekulle, of which he states in his travel description : 



Kinnekulle is one of the most remarkable places in the country, because of 

 its peculiar situation and shape. This Kinnekulle is a mountain with broad 

 and extensive terracelike deposits * * * [of different rock species] which 

 extend almost horizontally around the center of the mountain. These terraces 

 are also separated by abrupt perpendicular precipices or cliffs resembling the 

 very highest church or castle wall. * * * 



In the description Linne distinguishes, from below upward, the fol- 

 lowing strata, the height and length of which are indicated on a 

 sketch accompanying his paper : 



{a) The Sandstone Clilf. 



(5) The Limestone Wall, consisting of several kinds of limestone 

 (limestone proper, liver stone [hepatic pyrites], " stinkstone ''), and 

 Crow Mountain ; this layer is covered with red soil, in which black 

 flints are often found. 



{c) The Redstone Cliff, consisting of " Olandstone," of three differ- 

 ent kinds; that is, undermost, "green slate-pencil stone" (Griffel- 

 sten) , and above this, first gray and then red " potstone." 



{d) The Gorstone Cliff, " a coarse knotted limestone that can 

 neither be used in limekilns nor for stone polishing purposes, and 

 called by the peasants ' Gorsten ' ". 



{e) High Hills, consisting only of round graystones. 



(/) Crow Mountain, " of black slate, strong and thick." 



{g) The Highest Hill, " of coarse and hard sandstone." ^ 



" The paragraph immediately preceding this paragraph occurs on page 719. 



* Relating to this, see Nathorst, A. G. : Emanuel Swedenborg som geolog. 

 Geol. Foren. i Stockh. Forh., vol. 28 (1906). 



c Pehr Kalm's Wltstgotha och Bohusliindska resa forrottad hv 1742. Stock- 

 holm, 1746. 



<^The layers cited by Linne correspond to the following strata (compare 

 G. Holm: Kinnekulle. S. G. U., ser. C, No. 172. Stockholm, 1901), according to 

 the nomenclature now pi'evailing: 



(a) The Sandstone Cliff =the sandstone layer. 



(6) The Limestone Wall=the layer of alum slate. Linne was the first 

 (Holm, loc. cit. ) to notice the occurrence of flint. 



(c) The Redstone Cliff. The green "slate-pencil stone," or " griffelsten," 

 which according to Linne is the undermost layer of this cliff is, according to 

 Holm, the lower graptolite shales. Linne's " Potstone " is the Orthoceras lime- 



