738 • ANNUAL REPOET SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1908. 



was forced to rely on others, should have supposed that the shell- 

 gravel lime (testaceous Imie) was formed at great depths and was 

 chiefly derived from pelagic forms. This rock species, as we now 

 know, is in reality a shore formation, even if shells of pelagic forms 

 be embedded in it. * * * 



* * * After having observed at Helsingborg the shifting strata 

 of siliceous shales and shaly sandstone contained in the high blulf 

 east of the town * * * Linne writes : 



My mind reels when, on this height, I looli down on the long ages that have 

 flowed by like waves in the sound and have left traces of the ancient world, 

 traces so nearly obscured that they can only whisper now that everything else 

 has been silenced. 



These words are evidences of inspiration, and it may easily be 

 seen that if Linne had drawn his conclusions entirely from his own 

 observations in nature, he would certainly have become a champion 

 of the belief that those geological events of which " the stones speak " 

 had, contrary to the prevailing opinion on the subject, required a 

 tremendously long period of time. * * * 



Fossils of Different Kinds — Belemnites — Trilobites — Place of 

 THE Trilobites in the Zoological System — Geaptolites — Inclu- 

 sions IN Amber. 



In addition to scattered notes of a paleontological nature in his 

 travel descriptions Linne has also, aside from his already quoted 

 work, Corallia Baltica, left descriptions of fossils, partly in the 

 Systema Natura.', partly in the Museum Tessinianum, and also in a 

 special paper in the Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 1759. 

 ******* 



In the Museum Tessinianum Linne gives a fairly correct state- 

 ment of the different ways in which fossils may occur. He char- 

 acterizes four different groups as follows : 



1. "Fossils (Fossilia)," such corals and shellfish as have lain in 

 the ground for a long time nearly unchanged [a large part of what 

 we now call " subf ossils," but also others] . 



2. " Filled-up petrifactions (redintegrata)" of creatures covered 

 with a hard shell. Upon being embedded in the earth and after the 

 dissolution of the soft parts the cavity was filled with a sediment 

 which has hardened into stone and which is now surrounded by the 

 shell. These are the most common, and are found particularly in 

 lime and chalk. 



3. " Impressions (impressa)" of animals embedded in the sediment 

 and " imprinted as in moldings." After the animal is dissolved 

 only the impression is left. Examples: Impressions of fishes in the 

 shales, sometimes also in sandstone. 



