NYROCA NYROCA NYROCA 267 



from vent 3'1 to 3'5, tarsus I'l to l"-i, bill from gape Vd to 2'1. Weight 

 1 Hi. 2 ozs. to 1 lb. 9 ozs." (Ilitmr.) 



Adult Female.— Similar to the male, but with the whole plumage duller, 

 the head and breast more brown tlian rufous, and ill-defined from the 

 abdomen, which is itself much sullied, except in very old females. 



Colours of soft parts.— Legs, feet, and bill as in the male ; irides grey or 

 l)i()\vnish-gi-ey, sometimes white in very old females. 



Measurements. — Length al)oiit l(i inches, wing about seven, tail about 

 ;]'.'j, bill generally rather smaller tlian that of the male, imt sometimes 

 reaching the full dimensions given above. 



" Length 15'9 to 16'o inches, expanse 2J; to 2(j'5, wing G'S to 7'i, tail 

 from vent 3 to 3'-t, tarsus 1 to 1'2"), bill from gai)e 1'9 to 2'5. Weight 

 1 lb. 3 ozs. to 1 lb. 6 ozs." [Hume.) 



Young Male.— Similar to the female, but with the wliole head and breast 

 nmch suffused with ochraceous, and the centre of the abdomen with the 

 broad blown bases to the feathers showing prominently : the back is lighter 

 also than in the old female, with the pale borders to the feathers well- 

 defined. 



Scully, quoted by Hume, thus describes two young birds : — 



cf .juv., 30th Jidy. "Length 16'1 inches, expanse 21, wing o\, tail 2"-i, 

 tarsus I'l, bill from gape 1'75. Weight 15'5 ozs. Bill dusky, livid below ; 

 irides dark brown ; legs and feet mottled dusky : claws black." 



? juv., 18th July. "Length 15'7 inches, expanse 26 2, wing 7'5, tail 

 2'1, tarsus 1'2, bill from gape 19. Weight lo'-l ozs. Bill black above, grey- 

 slaty below; irides brownish-grey: legs and toes dusky plumbeous, webs 

 greyish-black: claws black." 



Young in first plumage. — " Head and neck brown, with scarcely any 

 chestnut tinge on the sides of the head ; breast and under parts brown, 

 paler, almost whitish on the abdomen ; under tail-coverts dull whitish." 

 (.S'rt/iY((/c);7.) 



" Young in Down are dark brown on the upper parts, with pale spots on 

 wings aud scapulars ; under parts buff, shading into brown on the flanks." 

 [Seebohm.) 



Distribution. — Salvadori thus defines the limits of the White-eye : — 



" Western Palaearctic region, as far east as the Valley of theObb ; 

 breeds in the basin of the Mediterranean, in Central and Eastern 

 Europe, and in Western Asia as far as Kashmir : in winter it extends 

 in Africa as far south as the Canaries on the w^est and Abyssinia on 

 the east ; in Asia as far south as India and Arrakan." 



In India the White-eye is extremely common over the whole of 

 the northern portion, though it becomes less so to the east of 

 longitude 9', being still found, however, in considerable num- 



