of certain Birds of Cuba. 27 
rant of the true nature of relations of analogy, imagined that 
the Psittaceous tribe of Birds ought to occupy the first step in 
the scale of nature below Man: but we cannot help adopting 
the notion of Linnzeus in the Systema Nature,—that although 
not near him in construction, they are yet analogous to him in 
various important respects. And, adopting this notion, we must 
place the whole order of Insessores, to which Psittacus belongs, 
opposite to the Primates, of which Man forms the type. 
The analogies existing between Birds of Prey and Carnivo- 
rous Quadrupeds having been noticed by Aristotle, who called 
both groups yauavye, were enlarged upon by Plutarch*. 
Among a host of moderns who have been struck with the 
resemblance, I may particularly mention Linnzeus, who in his 
Systema Nature has expressly called his Accipitres ‘ Ferts ana- 
logi ;” and Buffont, who has treated the subject at length and 
with his usual eloquence. I conceive, therefore, that no one 
can object to the propriety of my placing the Fere opposite to 
the Raptores. 
The analogy between Aquatic Birds and Aquatic Mammalia 
scarcely requires the mention of the authority of Linneus to 
make it be granted. It is indeed so evident, that Hermann, 
according to his custom, takes it for a relation of affinity +. 
In both orders the anterior appendages of the vertebral axis 
dwindling into fins, and the two undivided posterior appen- 
dages being placed so far behind on the axis as to show that 
both were intended for motion in the water rather than on 
land, are circumstances of themselves sufficient to authorize 
the placing of the Cetacea opposite to the Natatores. 
Two orders still remain in each class to be considered: the 
Glires and Ungulata among the Mammalia; and among Birds, 
, 
* On this subject, see Zool. Journ. vol. i. 
+) Vol. i. p. 37. { Lab. Aff, Anim. p. 153. 
EQ the 
