28 Mr. W.S. Macteay on the Comparative Anatomy 
the Rasores and Grallutores. The relations of analogy pointed 
out by Linneus between Mammalia and Birds are, as Hermann 
has observed, not always correct; and his errors have arisen 
from the misfortune of his not detecting the natural group of 
Aristotle and Ray, which the latter has called Ungulata. Having 
only been able to seize Aristotle’s subdivisions of ra pe ovx 
aupodorre, he lost the parallelism of analogy, and fell, as I shall 
hereafter show, into very glaring mistakes. In the Systema 
Nature, however, he has mentioned that very striking analogy 
which appears between his groups of Gralle and Bruta ; that is, 
according to the parallelism of analogy, between the orders of 
Grallatores and Ungulata, since the Bruta, as we have seen, do 
not form an order, but only a natural subdivision of the Ungu- 
lata. 'That this analogy is demonstrably true, I deduce from the 
following facts. Of their respective classes, the orders of Ungu- 
lata and Grallatores contain examples of the longest legs in pro- 
portion to the body,—witness Camelopardalis and Hemantopus. 
Both orders present us, in groups not exactly aquatic, with in- 
stances of the toes being soldered together, as the Horse; or 
connected together by a web, as the Flamingo. Both orders 
present us with the greatest elongation of muzzle or facies,— 
witness Myrmecophaga, or Antilope* and Scolopav; and also 
with the most depressed form of muzzle,—witness Hippopotamus 
and Platalea, which genera also afford us the truest specimens 
of Wading Vertebrata. In both orders we have the most elon- 
gated claws,—witness Megalonyx and Parra. Both orders afford 
us the swiftest animals in running,—as the Horse and Tachydro- 
mus; and the most pugnacious on account of love,—as the Bull 
and Machetes. ‘The Bull moreover and the Butor (or Bos- 
taurus, for hence comes the bird’s name), afford us the loudest 
and hoarsest voice of their respective orders: where we have 
* Particularly A. bubalus L. 
also 
