OF SHRUBS, MOSTLY EVERGREEN 45 
it. While rare varietal forms like Comte de Dijon or 
Pinus sylvestris beuvronensis must have the choicest fore- 
most places on the rocks—not that they are difficult, but 
because they are rare (all these conifers are easy, thrifty 
doers anywhere)—there are some true species which are 
useful higher up. Pinus Cembra, stocky and so slow- 
growing as to count as a dwarf, may be employed as a 
wind-break. Pinus montana is a quite invaluable low- 
growing, straggling, vigorous little tree, the mountain- 
pine of the highest Alpine slopes, in whose bosky twilight 
lurk Lilium martagon and Aquilegia alpina. Learning 
a lesson from this, I have planted mine up with Tulipa 
gesneriana, and when their green dusk is starred with the 
flames of the tulip the effect is of a rare beauty. Pinus 
koraiensis is too uncommon as yet, and too little tried, to 
be spoken of; people who try Cryptomeria japonica are 
almost as unwise as they who once revelled in Welling- 
tonia ; and I have never succeeded in getting any live 
importations of the splendid tortured dwarf varieties that 
spring in Japan from that most magnificent of magnified, 
glorified Scotch Firs, Pinus massoniana. I tried to 
import the umbrella-headed abortion, T’anyosho, only last 
year, but my failure was so complete that I shall not 
repeat the experiment. Finally, if any one wants a big 
column of green darkness for a high point of some large 
rock-work, and dares not try the Funeral Cypress, let him 
remember, in the first place, that exquisite, lace-like 
Cupressus torulosa is absolutely safe and hardy ; and, in 
the second, if he wants a heavier, darker mass, that 
Juniperus virginiana Schottt is absolutely and at all 
points the living double of the great Funeral Cypress, 
possessing for itself the advantage of being as hardy as a 
Sycamore and as easy as a Privet. 
As for the Bamboos, I have a lurking feeling that it 
is unfitting to talk of these giant grasses as either ever- 
