136 MISCELLANEOUS COOL PLANTS. 
crop in frames or hotbeds. In the neighborhood of Paris 
such protection is unnecessary, and successive sowings 
are made in the open ground from November to March, 
one of the most popular varieties for this purpose being 
St. Catherine (Pots de Sainte-Cathérine). This variety is 
particularly well adapted to late fall and early winter 
sowings. In more northern latitudes, either coldframes or 
hotbeds supply the necessary protection for maturing the 
crop. Ringleader, Early Dwarf Frame, and Caractacus 
have been very popular in England. The second named 
variety is especially adapted for growing in hotbeds. It 
is exceedingly dwarf and matures very quickly, so that 
considerable quantities of peas may be harvested from a 
small area. Taller varieties are generally bent over to 
admit of their proper growth. 
Peas thrive in a cool temperature, and the protection 
afforded by comparatively little glass or wood is sufficient 
to carry them through moderately cold weather. In the 
northern states, artificial heat must be given if the crop 
is to be grown during the winter months. As this cannot 
be done conveniently in frames, larger structures must be 
employed, and these may easily be supplied with a 
proper amount of heat for growing this vegetable. A 
night temperature of 40° to 50°, and a day temperature 10 
to 20 degrees higher, will be sufficient to cause rapid 
growth and fairly prolific plants. Peas succeed best, as a 
rule, if grown in solid beds of rich, sandy soil that is well 
supplied with water. If peas grown under glass are sub- 
jected to the above conditions, their cultivation presents 
no serious difficulties, and it will scarcely be necessary 
to mention the details of more than one crop which 
we have grown. 
Seeds of two varieties of peas were sown January 6, 
1894; they were Extra Early Market and Rural New- 
Yorker. They were planted at the same depth as in 
outdoor culture, but the seed was sown more thickly, and 
the rows were as close to each other as the after culture 
