CRUISE OF STEAMER CORWIN IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN, 117 
BRACHYRHAMPHUS KITTLITZI Brandt. 
(187.) KirrLirz’s GUILLEMOT. 
This extremely rare bird was observed by me at Unalaska in the spring of 1877, where I 
secured a single specimen in the breeding plumage. It was also taken towards the western end 
of this chain by Mr. Turner a few years later, and with these two specimens ends the known 
history of this species on these islands up to the present date. 
URIAGRYLLE (Linn.) Brinn. 
(188.) BLACK GUILLEMOT. 
These birds occur throughout Bering Sea and are numerous. They extend their range also 
well into the Arctic, reaching Herald and Wrangel Islands, and specimens were noted by the 
naturalist of the Jeannette, who records them in the vicinity of those islands, discovered during 
the explorations made by the people of that vessel. 
In that portion of the Arctic north of the Atlantic the Black Guillemot is found breeding 
north to 80° in some cases, although it is more numerous south of this. It was found nesting 
with Brunnich’s Guillemot in longitude 113° east by Nordenskiéld during his voyage. During 
the drift of the Jeannette it was seen passing to the westward on May 1, 1880, and at various 
other places was observed. Upon Bennett Island it was found nesting in great numbers the 20th 
of July, 1880. On April 6, 1881, it was found in about latitude 76°, longitude 161° east. During 
its residence in these high latitudes it is reported to feed upon the small Arctic tom-cod, which 
the naturalist of the Jeannette reports to have seen the bird kill by beating them upon the water 
and shaking them in their bills. These birds were quite numerous at Herald Island. As we 
approached through the ice on the 30th of July flock after flock of them, joined with the Murre 
came off towards the Corwin. When we were making a landing large numbers of them were seen 
bringing fish, from three to four inches in length, to their young, and as the waters surrounding 
this island were seen to swarm with crustaceans, there appeared to be an abundance of food. 
URIA COLUMBA (Pall.) Cass. 
(189.) PIGEON GUILLEMOT. 
This is the most abundant of the small Guillemots throughout the North, from the Aleutian 
Islands to those of Wrangel and Herald, where we found it breeding abundantly during our visit 
there on the Corwin. We found it near Cape Serdze Kamen, where it was nesting, and also in 
great abundance upon Herald Island, where it was perhaps the most abundant bird present, far 
outnumbering the Murre. It was also nesting upon East Cape, the Diomede Islands, and along 
the entire portion of the Siberian coast wherever cliffs and mountainous slopes occurred fronting 
the sea. None was observed on the western portion of the New Siberian Islands by Norden. 
skidld, but the Chukchees reported it to him as wintering at Tapkan, wherever open water was 
found during that season. 
LOMVIA TROILE CALIFORNICA (Bryant) Coues. 
(190.) CALIFORNIA GUILLEMOT. 
These birds are found along the Pacific coast, reaching to the Aleutian Islands, beyond which 
it is uncertain how far their range extends. They were not observed by us during the cruise of the 
Corwin in the Arctic, although among the millions of Murres which breed upon the cliffs on the 
shores of this sea, both north and south of Bering Strait, it is very probable they may occur. 
LOMVI ARRA (Pall.) Bp. 
(191.) THICK-BILLED GUILLEMOT. 
This bird occurs in greatest abundance throughout Bering Sea and the adjoining portions or 
the Arctic, reaching Herald and Wrangel Islands, where we found it breeding by thousands. 
