THE ODOUR OF MUSK. 9 
are collected by filtration, recrystallized, and dried*. It is 
commercially known as “Tonquinol.” Valentiner’s English 
Patent is dated 3rd October, 1890 (No. 15687), and is abstracted 
in the ‘ Official Journal of Patents’ as follows :—The formation 
of “artificial Musk consists in condensing molecular proportions 
’ of iso-butyl alcohol and xylene by means of sulphuric acid at a 
temperature not exceeding 45° C., and introducing the mixture 
into fuming nitric acid, whereby a dinitro derivative of the con- 
densation products is produced. ‘This is separated by addition of 
water and purified by crystallization from alcohol. Instead of 
xylene, oil of turpentine or cymene may be employed, and iso- 
propyl or iso-amyl alcohol instead of iso-butyl alcohol. The 
product of condensation consists of a new hydrocarbon and a 
sulphonic acid. The separation and nitration of the latter is also 
described. In order to prepare a soluble artificial Musk for 
perfuming soaps, the product of condensation is sulphonized with 
fuming sulphuric acid before nitration.” This Patent has been 
opposed. The German Patent gave rise to-.a law-suit on the 
ground that it is an infringement of Baur’s Patent, and the case 
is not yet decided. Baur’s second English Patent is dated 
11th August, 1891 (No. 13613). 
Two Patents have been taken out in London by Link and 
Avenarius jointly, for the manufacture of products of a very 
similar nature, and both these Patents are “opposed.” The first 
one, dated Ist January, 1891 (No. 48), consists in first producing 
tertiary amyl-toluene or its homologues by boiling tertiary amyl 
chloride with toluene or xylene in presence of ferric chloride. 
The hydrocarbon produced is converted into its tri-nitro derivative 
by heating it on a water-bath with a mixture of nitric acid sp. gr. 
1-5 and fuming sulphuric acid. After separating excess of acid 
and purifying by re-crystallization from alcohol, light yellow 
crystals of musk-like odour are obtained. The second Patent, 
dated 3rd January, 1891 (No. 115), consists in first heating 
combinations of isodibutylene and halogen acids together with 
toluene or metaxylene or ethyl-benzene in the presence of ferric 
chloride, whereby tertiary butyl-methane, polymeric propylenes, 
and iso-propyl toluene and homologues of these bodies are pro- 
duced. The hydrocarbons are distilled off with steam, dried, and 
fractionally distilled to separate the tertiary butyl-propyl-methane 
* Pharm. Centr. xxxill. p. 80. 
