20 ODOROGRAPHIA. 
or more especially calcareous. It is an annual plant, flowering (in 
England) in July and August. The flowers are not ornamental, 
but smell strongly of musk in warm weather. Their drooping 
posture distinguishes them at sight from our other thistles. The 
stem rises from a spindle-shaped root to the height of 2 or 3 feet, 
and is striated, slightly invested with cottony down ; its flowers are 
drooping. 
The Adoxa moschatellina, a small tuberous plant, 4 to 6 inches 
high, may be found in flower in April (if the weather be genial), 
in woods or on shady banks in many parts of England; its flowers 
are musk-scented. 
The Hyacinthus muscari, a bulbous plant with dull purple 
flowers having a strong musky odour. 
Gnaphalium odoratissimum is similarly scented. 
The Cyanus orientalis (major) moschatus or Amberboa moschata 
(“ Purple Sultan”) is considered by some to have a musky 
fuagrance, as its name implies, but by others the odour is more 
comparable to that of honey (it may be comparable to the “ Sweet 
Scabious ”’). 
The odour of musk has been observed in the root of the common 
Beet (Beta vulgaris). 
The musky odour noticeable in some grapes may be due to the 
presence of succinic acid. 
The Achillea moschata (Musk-scented Milfoil), a little plant 
found on the Swiss Alps at elevations of 5000 to 10,000 feet, 
yields by distillation of its flowers and leaves an essential oil of 
musk-like odour. It is used to perfume the liqueur known in 
Switzerland as “ Iva.” | 
It has been remarked that the dried flowers of the Canella alba 
( Wild Cinnamon ”’) when softened in warm water, have an odour 
nearly approaching that of musk. 
The “ Musk-Cranesbill,’ Geranium cicute folio moschatum, a 
British perennial, has a faintly agreeable odour of musk, which is 
destroyed by bruising the plant. 
The greenish-yellow flowers of the Cestrum nocturnum, a bastard 
Jasmine, native of Cuba, and there called “‘ Dama de Noche ”’ 
or Lady of the Night, give off a strong musky odour after sunset, 
but as soon as the sun rises this odour is replaced by one of a very 
nauseous kind. 
The term “ Noctu-olens” or night-smelling has been applied to 
