THE CITRINE ODOURS. 65 
makes a strong stock for grafting on to. When a seedling is 
about 4 feet high it is transplanted, and allowed a year to gain 
strength before being grafted. It requires much care the first few 
years ; it must be well watered in the summer, and if at all exposed 
must have its stem covered up with straw in winter. It is not 
expected to yield a crop of flowers before the fourth year after 
transplantation. 
The Citron is the Citrus Medica, and is called in Arabic “‘Turnj”’ 
or “ Utrej,” and in Sanskrit ‘ Beejapoora;:” it is the wAdov 
unotxov of Theophrastus, a native of the Himalayas, and cultivated 
apparently from the time of the earliest Aryan settlements in 
Media, whence it derives its Greek and specific scientific name. 
Theophrastus and Virgil both call it the Malus Medica, meaning 
“ Apple of Media.” It is quite by mistake that some writers 
assume the word Medica to refer to any medicinal properties it may 
possess, and it is erroneously translated into French as “ citronnier 
médicinal.”” The tree is known in France as the “ Cédratier,” and 
the fruit as a “cédrat.” The fruits which in France are called 
“ citrons ”” are what we know as “lemons.”’ The citron fruit 
sometimes attains an enormous size; according to Ferrari (in his 
work on the ‘ Hesperides’) the Calabrian citron will weigh 4 or 
5 lbs., the Genoese citron as much as 12 lbs. and sometimes even 
more. 
The Lemon is “ Nimbuka” in Sanskrit and “ Limun” in 
Arabic. This is the Citrus limonum, a native of India. It was 
found by the Crusaders in Palestine in a cultivated state, and had 
previously been naturalized in Africa by the Arabs; also grown in 
the south of Spain, from whence it was introduced into Italy and 
the south of France. There are many varieties and hybrids of the 
lemon, the rind of the fruits of some of them being very fragrant, 
and the fruit containing abundance of acid juice—such as the 
Roman “ Lustrata,” the Genoese “ Bugnetta,’ and the Spanish 
“ Balotin.’” The ordinary Genoese lemon is cultivated on the 
borders of the Mediterranean between Nice and Genoa, in Calabria, 
Sicily, Spain, and Portugal, and on nearly the whole coast of 
Liguria, from Spezzia to Hyéres, furnishing the bulk of the fruit 
met with in commerce, it being well adapted by the thickness and 
toughness of its rind to withstand pressure in transporting it to 
the North. 
During the months of November to March the average yield of 
F 
