78 ODOROGRAPHIA. 
acetic acid. In the pure condition it boils at 175-178°, and 
smells like oal of bergamot. The addition of a drop of concentrated 
sulphuric acid or fuming nitric acid to its solution in glacial acetic 
acid or acetic anhydride produces a splendid deep-blue coloration. 
It is dextrorotatory, and combines with the hydracids to form 
compounds from which it can be separated unaltered *. 
The fruit of Havenia dulcis is eaten in China and Japan ; its 
taste is said to resemble that of the Bergamot pear. 
In the Southern States of America the orange, the lemon, and 
the lime are extensively cultivated ; im Florida they grow wild and 
are found in great abundance, but on many very large tracts of 
land they are calewated! In Louisiana and Mississippi they are 
grown from seed. The seeds are planted early in spring, or in 
hot-beds in January ; when one year old they are transplanted in 
a nursery; at the age of two and a half years they are budded 
with fully-matured buds from bearing trees of the sweet orange 
(the seedlings being the sour variety). This renders the tree 
more hardy, seedlings of the sweet orange having been found 
subject to a root-disease called “heel,” which does not attack 
seedlings of the sour orange. At the age of four years the trees 
are transplanted into orchards. At the age of six, flowers first 
appear, and at ten years the trees are called full bearers. Orange- 
trees were introduced into the States in 1816. 
The cultivation of the Citrus fruits in Louisiana is confined to 
the Sweet orange (C. aurantium), and is restricted to the lowest 
parishes of the delta and of the Gulf Coast east of Vermillion Bay. 
In the parish of Plaquemine, the chief site of the orange orchards, 
groves from 10 to 200 acres in extent are found, yielding large 
incomes. The quality of the Louisiana or Creole orange is of the 
highest order. The crop produced in the State is scarcely sufficient 
to supply the demands of the home market. The Lemon (C. 
limonum) is raised only in a few sheltered localities on the coast. 
A writer in the ‘American Journal of Pharmacy’ states that 
the humidity of the atmosphere materially affects the flowers— 
when too wet the pollen heads are injured and the secretions are 
imperfect ; extreme dryness has a similar effect on the pollen, but 
does not affect the secretion of oil. When the temperature is low 
but few flowers are fructified. The most favourable temperature 
* Ann, Chem. Pharm. ccxxx. p. 240; ccxxxix. p. 24. 
