84. ODOROGRAPHIA. 
does not represent the true odour of the orange-flower, and that 
the watery distillate which comes over with the oil is identical in 
perfume with the blossom, Soubiran is of opinion that Neroli is a 
modified isomer of the natural oil of the flower, and not so soluble 
in water as the unaltered portion of the latter which remains 
dissolved in it. In confirmation of this view, he states that 
by agitating the watery distillate with ether and then leaving 
the decanted ether to spontaneous evaporation, a small quantity 
of an oil possessing absolutely the same perfume as the 
flower remains, which is capable of being easily re-dissolved in 
water *. 
In Paris, orange-flower water “ double” is made by distilling 
the flowers of the Bitter orange with water and drawing over 
double the weight of the flower put into the still; the “single” 
orange-flower water being simply the addition to the “double ” 
of an equal volume of distilled water. The preparation known 
commercially as “ orange-flower water quadruple,” as made in the 
South of France, is a distillate equal in weight to the weight of the 
flower put into the stiil (Soubiran). This indicates that the finest 
or the largest part of the essence comes over first. 
According to Xavier Landerer, orange-flower water is distilled 
in large quantities in the Island of Chios; it is known in Greece 
as ‘‘Anthoneron,” and is sophisticated with “ Mythoneron,” 
which is a water distilled from the small and highly aromatic 
leaves. The Jews of Thessalonica add to this “ Mythoneron” some 
drops of oil of neroli and some salt, and then bring it into the 
market as “ Anthoneron.” It is sold by retailers and travelling 
merchants in small straw-covered flasks resembling those used for 
salad oil, but their necks are twice as long. 
Orange-flower pommade is prepared in the same way as rose 
pommade by “ maceration,” or, more properly speaking, digestion 
of the flowers in warm inodorous grease or oil. The exquisitely 
fragrant “ orange-flower extract ” is made by washing the pommade 
or oil with modorous spirit, which absorbs the fragrant molecules. 
This extract is quite distinct in perfume from the solution of 
Neroli in rectified spirit. 
Dried Orange-peel.—Vhe finest quality of the dried Bitter orange- 
peel of commerce comes from Barbados and Curagao, under the 
* ¢Traité de Pharmacie,’ p. 654. 
