JONQUIL. 95 
and zine chloride*. It is also obtained by heating toluene with 
aluminium chloride in an open vessel +. Ethylbenzene is a liquid 
possessing a smell like that of toluene; it boils at 136°5 C., and 
has a sp. gr. of 0°8664 at 22°°5. It is oxidized to benzoic acid 
by dilute nitric acid or chromic acid. 
Secondary styrolyl bromide, C;H;.CHBr .CH;, is obtained by 
the action of bromine on boiling ethylbenzene t. By subjecting 
this bromide to the action of silver acetate and glacial acetic acid, 
secondary styrolylacetate is formed, C;H,.CH(O.CO .CH;)CH,. 
This liquid has a pleasant odour resembling that of jasmine ; it 
boils at 217°-220°, at which temperature it is partially resolved 
into styrolene and acetic acid. 
JONQUIL. 
Narcissus Jonquilla, li, a bulbous plant probably of oriental 
origin. The name of the species in Italian (Giunchiglia) is derived 
from the nearly cylindrical leaves, grooved on the upper side, 
recalling those of a species of Juncus. 
At the plantations around Grasse the bulbs of this plant are set 
out inrows. The blooms, which are of a fine bright yellow, appear 
about the end of March, four or five on each stem. Each flower 
as it blooms is picked off at the calyx. The harvesting period is 
of very short duration, and it very often happens that it takes two 
seasons for the manufacturer to finish off his pommade of extra 
strength. The crop is also very uncertain, being abundant one 
year and scanty the next. ‘The exquisite perfume is extracted by 
the processes of maceration and enfleurage—chiefly the latter. It 
seems that a comparatively small acreage is under cultivation, and 
that bulbous plants do not receive much attention in France, owing 
no doubt to the great care required for their successful cultivation ; 
otherwise there are many bulbs producing flowers of exquisite 
fragrance which might be advantageously grown. In Holland, 
where flowers are more rare than in the Riviera, and where flori- 
culturists are more patient, such plants receive their due care, but 
not for the purpose of extracting their perfume. 
* Bull. Soc. Chim. xxxii. p. 618. 
t+ Compt. Rend. ci. p. 1218. 
} Bull. Soc. Chim. x. p. 343. 
