YLANG-YLANG. 119 
jasmine and lilac. The lobes of the tripartite leathery calyx are 
finally recurvate. The six lanceolate petals soon spread out flat 
and grow to a length of 2? inches and a breadth of about haif an 
inch, and are longitudinally veined, The filaments are somewhat 
numerous. The elevated receptacle is slightly flattened or 
depressed at the summit. The green, berry-like fruit is formed of 
from 15 to 20 rather long-stalked separate carpels, which enclose 
from 3 to 8 seeds arranged in 2 rows, 
According to Hooker and Thomson and to Bentham and Hooker* 
Cananga odorata is the only species of this genus; the plants 
formerly classed together with it under the names Unona or Uvaria, 
some of which likewise possess odorous flowers, are now distributed 
between these two genera, which are tolerably rich in species. 
The Cananga differs from the Uvaria by the valvate sepals and 
from Unona by the double-rowed arrangement of the seed. 
Cananga odorata is a native of Ava and Tenasserim; it is 
distributed throughout all Southern Asia, and is very generally 
cultivated. In the wild state the tree grows to a much greater 
height, but the flowers are not so rich in perfume (according to 
Blume, almost odourless). In habit the Cananga resembles the 
Micheltia Champaca, L. (a fine illustration of this is lkewise 
found in Blume’s ‘ Flora Javee,’ 111. Magnoliacez, tab. 1), a native 
of India, which is exceedingly prized on account of the very 
pleasant perfume of its yellow flowers, and which was very cele- 
brated in ancient times by the Hindus. Among the admired 
fragrant flowers which are preferred to all others by the Javanese 
—who are in this respect very dainty—the most highly valued are 
those of the “Tjempaka” (Michelia Champaca) and the “ Kenanggi 
wangi” (Cananga odorata) t. 
The oil of Cananga seems first to have reached Europe in about 
1864, and in Paris and London its choice fragrance found full 
recognition. At first only very small quantities were imported 
from the Indian Archipelago; but large consignments were soon 
received from Manila in the Philippine Islands (14° 53’ N. lat., 
120° 52’ EK. long.), where German pharmacists engaged in its 
distillation, also in that of the Michelia Champaca. These 
chemists were Oscar Reymann, Adolf Roensch, and Henri 
Julien, and the industry is now extensively carried on by Sartorius. 
* “Genera Plantarum,’ 1864, i. p. 24. 
+ Junghuhn, ‘ Java,’ Leipzig, 1852, p. 106. 
