208 ODOROGRAPHIA. 
shipment. Three species of Cinnamomum are found in this region 
growing at elevations of from 1000 to nearly 4000 feet and 
yielding barks of a more or less cinnamon-like flavour; these are 
the C. obtusifolium, Nees, C. pauciflorum, Nees, and C. tamala, 
Nees and Eberm. 
The Cinnamomum iners, Reinw., a very variable species found 
in India, Ceylon, Tavoy, Java, Sumatra, and other islands of the 
Indian Archipelago, is possibly a simple variety of C. Zeylanicum, 
but is distinguished from it by its leaves being paler and thinner 
and differently veined; also by its bark being of a different 
flavour. This tree probably furnishes the bark known as the 
Cassia or Wild Cinnamon of Southern India. 
A certain portion of the Cassia of Northern India is probably 
yielded by the C. Tamala, Nees and Eberm., which, besides being 
found on the Khasia Hills, grows in the regions of Silhet, Sikkim, 
Nepaul, and Kumaon. It has also been found in Australia. 
Large quantities of a thick-bark Cassia, known to merchants as 
“ Cassia Vera,” are occasionally shipped from Batavia; these are 
probably derived from the C. cassia, Blume, and C. Burmannit, 
Blume, which grow in Sumatra and Java; this last variety also 
furnishing the “ Cassia Vera” of Manilla, the epidermis of which 
is sometimes very imperfectly removed, being warted aud covered 
with crustaceous lichen. 
Cassia buds. (Flores cassie immature ; Clavelli cinnamomi.)— 
The calyces of the immature flowers of the same tree which yields 
Cassia lignea. Cassia-buds bear some resemblance to cloves, but 
are smaller; or to nails with round heads; they have the odour 
and. flavour of Cassia lignea or cinnamon. They are gathered in 
the Kwangtung Province in China when about one fourth of their 
normal size, and shipped from Canton. 
Buds and the seeds which are annually required for sowing are 
obtained from the trees, ten years and upwards of age, that are 
left standing at about 50 and 100 feet apart amongst the trees 
which are cut down every six years for their bark. These seed- 
bearing trees are not cut unless there is a demand for the very 
thick bark on their trunks, when some of the trees which can be 
conveniently spared are sacrificed. In the south of India the 
Cassia-buds are gathered when in a more mature state from one 
of the varieties of Cinnamomum iners, Reinw., but they are very 
