316 ODOROGRAPHIA. 
botanically described by Roxburgh (Flor, Ind. i. p. 462); and by 
Rumphius (Amb, ii. p. 42, t. 11). In the Asiatic Researches (iv. 
p- 253) it is named Chandana, the Sanskrit names being given as 
Gundhasdra, Malayaja, and Bhadrasri, and the Persian (by Rox- 
burgh) as Sundul-sufed. In Bengali it is called Chandan, and 
in Hindt Safed-Chandan., 
Santalum album is a native of the mountainous parts of India, 
but is found more especially in the Mysore, Malabar, and Coim- 
batore, extending northwards into Canara, and has been found 
in the thickets of Midnaptr. It likewise grows on the Coro- 
mandel Coast, in Madura and Assam, and is frequently cultivated 
as a garden plant. The same tree, or a variety, is met with in 
several islands of the Eastern Archipelago, viz., Eastern Java, 
the Santal Wood Islands, Sumba, and Timor. It grows freely 
in hedges aud gardens, and in arich soil attains a large size; 
but in such localities the timber is of little value and has scarcely 
any perfume. Soil and elevation have great influence on the 
amount of oil produced. It thrives up to an elevation of 4000 
feet, and yields the largest quantity of oil when grown in dry, 
sunny, rocky, mountainous districts, or soils of volcanic origin, 
although it does not reach so great a height. It is rarely found 
in forests. In the Madras Presidency and the Mysore it is now 
grown in Government plantations from seeds; but it also springs 
from roots which have been left in the ground. 
The height of the tree is only from 20 to 30 feet. The bark 
is greyish brown and somewhat scabrous, with longitudinal 
fissures. The branches are numerous, opposite, slender, and 
much divided, rising in every direction and forming nearly a 
spherical head. The young twigs are round and smooth. 
The leaves are lanceolate-obtuse, opposite, entire, and smooth, 
their under surface glaucous; their length is from 1} to 3 inches, 
on stalks of scarcely one fourth the length of the leaves. The 
numerous small inodorous flowers are of straw-colour when they 
first expand, but change to a deep rusty purple, as do all the 
exterior parts of the growing plant, even when bruised. The 
succulent fruit is black when ripe and of the size of a cherry. 
The seed is solitary. The tree is an evergreen and produces 
flowers and ripe seed nearly ali the year, chiefly, however, from 
March to July. 
In a young state the plant appears to be parasitic. W. B. 
