SANTAL. 319 
yield. In common wood and chips it may be as low as 1} per 
cent. and in some fine wood as much as 5 per cent. The amount 
extracted greatly depends upon the fine state of division to which 
the wood is brought before distillation. ‘This is effected by first 
incising or chipping the logs by powerful machinery and then 
disintegrating them with special tearing or rasping apparatus or 
with mill-stones. 
The wood is all sold by weight at the annual Government auctions, 
native merchants congregating from all parts of India to make 
purchases. The Lots being classed according to quality are cata- 
logued under the following denominations :— 
Ist class billets. 
5} 
SN: Selected logs, only obtainable in small quantities. 
3rd, ” 
4th ,, ” 
9 3 ag Logs. The superior santal-wood of commerce. 
Large Roots. Roots in large pieces. 
Small Roots. op small ,, 
Jug Pokal ...... Ordinary commercial, consisting of small logs and large 
ranches. 
Bagar Adad .... Similar to the former but somewhat smaller. 
Jyen Bagar...... Inferior woods. 
Jyen Chilta...... Common wood. 
Milva Chilta .... Chips in large pieces. 
Milva Chilta split. as Bplit 7 
Hathri Chilta.... + oe i 
Adzed chips .... » good ,, 
White chips .... Py pale inferior. 
yen Chips .5...%,s + most inferior. 
Sawdust. 
All logs bear the stamp of the particular class to which they belong. 
The wood is imported into Europe from Tellichery and Bombay 
in logs from 2 to 4 feet long, and from 3 to 8 (rarely 14) inches in 
diameter. It is very homogeneous, rather hard, and ponderous, 
although it does not sink in water. [tis somewhat hard to cut trans- 
versely but it splits comparatively easily. In colour it is yellow, 
fawn-coloured, or reddish-brown, being darker in the centre than at 
the periphery, and is marked with darker concentric zones or annual 
rings. In the inner part of the wood the zones are sometimes very 
wide, measuring sometimes as much as seven millimetres; possibly, 
therefore, they do not correspond to one year’s growth*, but to that 
* C. A. de Bary, ‘Vergleichende Anatomie der Vegetationsorgane,’ 1877, 
p. 519. 
