THE ARTIFICIAL ROCK GARDEN 53 



The next type of garden is what may be 

 called the hollow. If it is to be made on the 

 face of a hill or rising ground, lay out the site 

 in a manner similar to that adopted in the 

 case of the valley ; the outline should be as 

 varied as possible, and be careful to avoid 

 the appearance of its being marked out with 

 a compass. Remove sods or whatever may 

 be growing on it, then take off top soil to a 

 depth of about 6 inches, putting it in heaps 

 at a convenient distance from the ground 

 marked out. After this has been done, dig 

 out the remaining soil to the subsoil, also 

 putting it aside. Then continue the excava- 

 tions, throwing the subsoil removed on to the 

 ground above until the required depth has 

 been attained. The banks must not be made 

 too steep ; they should have a general slope 

 of not more than i foot in 4 feet, because 

 the steeper the formation the more numerous 

 and the larger are the rocks required. In 

 places, of course, the slope may be fairly 

 perpendicular ; but even there a gradient of 

 2 feet in 5 feet is quite enough, and effects 

 as good, if not better, can be obtained than if 



