CLAVIJA. 
Greenhouse and Stove Plants. 
109 
tion, or they will disfigure the leaves, for 
the appearance of which alone the plants 
are grown. Syringe daily through the sum- 
mer to keep free from red spider. 
CITRUS. 
The Common Orange and the more or- 
dinary kinds of the Citrus family, are too 
well known to require any description here. 
The plants of the different kinds, from the 
large Shaddock to the small Otaheite 
Orange, are very ornamental, either in 
bloom or bearing their beautiful fruit. 
Large healthy examples in either condition 
are amongst the most attractive plants that 
can be used in a conservatory. 
They are mostly increased by budding 
or grafting on stocks raised from the seeds 
of any of the freer-growing species, per- 
forming the operation in the ordinary 
manner ; but most growers will find dif_i- 
culty in proceeding this way, and would 
prefer commencing with established plants, 
which if healthy and vigorous will grow 
fast 1f kept in sufficient warmth. Suppos- 
ing that such are obtained early in spring 
in 8 or 9 inch pots, they should at once 
be examined, and if more root-room is 
required they ought to be moved to larger 
pots, being careful not to give too much 
room ; good rich yellow loam, to which 
has been added some rotten manure and 
sand, will answer. Although the different 
kinds of the Orange family are often grown 
under cool treatment, such as in company 
with greenhouse plants, yet they do very 
much better if kept warmer both summer 
and winter ; about 50° in the night in the 
latter season with a little more in the day ; 
and a night temperature of about 60° or 
65° in summer, with 10° or 15° or a little 
more in the daytime, in very hot weather, 
will answer. In this way they will thrive 
much faster and have a better appearance. 
If after potting they are put in a tempera- 
ture such as here indicated, they will grow 
apace, syringing freely every afternoon, 
and giving a thin shade when the sun is 
powerful. Should any of the shoots show 
a disposition to take too much lead they 
should at once be shortened so as to dis- 
tribute the strength evenly through the 
branches, giving air daily according as the 
state of the weather permits, with water 
when the condition of the soil is such as to 
require it. Admit still more air in 
autumn, reducing the temperature through 
the winter to the point named above. 
Such of the plants as have filled the soil 
with roots should again be moved in spring 
to pots 2 or 3 inches larger, raising the 
temperature as before through the growing 
season, and treating in other respects as in 
the previous summer. By continuing this 
course the plants will grow fast, and in a 
few years attain a handsome size. With 
fair usage, Oranges are among the longest 
lived of all cultivated plants. Where 
there is not the means of giving them 
warmth as above advised, they can be 
grown under greenhouse conditions, but 
the progress will be slower ; when kept in 
a low temperature through the winter 
corresponding caution must be used in 
watering them. During the growing sea- 
son, soot water in a clear state, given once 
every three or four weeks, is a great assist- 
ance to the plants, not only by invigo- 
rating them, but it likewise rids_ the 
soil of worms, which if present do much 
harm. 
The following are desirable kinds :— 
C. Aurantium. The sweet-fruited 
Orange. 
C. Aurantium Bigaradia. The bitter 
Orange. 
C. Aurantium sanguinea. The Blood 
Orange. 
C. decumana. The Shaddock. 
C. japonica. The small Otaheite 
Orange. 
C. Limomum. The Lemon. 
C. nobilis. 'The Mandarin Orange. 
InsEcts.—Oranges are very susceptible 
to the attacks of insects, particularly scale, 
which should be carefully removed by 
sponging. Should mealy bug become 
troublesome, sponge and syringe. The use 
of the latter will generally be sufficient to 
keep them clear of other pests. 
CLAVIJA. 
Evergreen, low-growing stove trees, 
only suitable for a large house, where 
there is room to admit of their being seen 
in something approaching their true 
character. 
They are increased by shoot cuttings, 
which should be put in to strike towards 
the end of summer, when the wood is 
approaching maturity ; the cuttings ought 
to consist of the points of the shoots, with 
three or four leaves attached, and should 
be put singly in pots large enough to hold 
them, filled with sand, kept close, moist, 
and shaded in a temperature of 60° until 
the base is callused, when they may have 
75°. By spring the pots should be sufli- 
ciently full of roots to admit of their being 
moved into larger ones ; they will thrive 
in good turfy loam, with enough sand 
added to keep it open ; this is essential, as 
with these and similar plants there is no 
chance of the old soil being replaced with 
