THE BUI.B BOOK 



or rarely adherent. Petals and stamens numerous, sometimes all 

 free and Iiypogynous, often passing gradually one into another. The 

 ovary is many-celled, with radiating stigmas, and numerous ovules, 

 and is more or less surrounded by a large fleshy disc. 

 Genera described. — Nuphar, Nymph^a, Nelumbium. 



Nat. Ord. PAPAVERACE^. Characters. — Leaves alternate, 

 entire, or lobed and cut without stipules. Flowers regular, usually 

 nodding in bud, and borne singly on long stalks. Sepals 2 or 3, 

 rarely 4, free, imbricate, caducous. Petals 4-6, rarely 8-12, hypo- 

 gynous, free, in 2 or 3 series, imbricated and often crumpled, 

 deciduous. Stamens numerous, hypogynous, with slender filaments 

 and erect anthers. Ovary 1-celled, or 2-4-celled by prolonged 

 placentas. Stigmas as many as placentas, radiating and sessile. 

 Fruit a pod, dehiscing by pores or valves. 



Genera described. — Bocconia, Sanguinaria. 



Nat. Ord. FUMARIACE^^. Characters. — Leaves usually alter- 

 nate, much divided, often with tendrils. Flowers irregular, purple, 

 white, or yellow. Sepals 2, small, scale-like, deciduous. Petals 4, 

 in two usually dissimilar pairs. Stamens 4, distinct, hypogynous, 

 in 2 bundles (diadelphous) opposite the 2 outer petals, one of which 

 is usually furnished with a spur ; rarely all separate. Fruit either 

 an indehiscent 1- or 2-seeded nut, or a 2-valved or succulent 

 indehiscent many-seeded capsule. 



The irregular flowers chiefly distinguish the Fumitory Order 

 from the Poppy Order. 



Genera described. — Dicentjia, Corydalis. 



Nat. Ord. CARYOPHYLLE^. Characters. — Leaves always 

 opposite and entire, stipules usually none. Sepals 4-5, persistent, 

 distinct or cohering in a tube. Petals 4-5, hypogynous or slightly 

 perigynous, entire, or frequently split into 2 parts. Stamens (8-10) 

 usually twice as many as the petals, in two circles, of which the 

 inner is often wanting. Fruit a 2-5-valved capsule with numerous 

 seeds. 



Genus described. — Gypsopiiila. 



Nat. Ord. PORTULACEiE. Characters. — Succulent herbs. 

 Loaves usually alturnaLe, entire, often fleshy. Stipules scarious, 

 sometimes changed into hairs, or absent. Flowers solitary, at the 

 ends of the branches, in racemes, cymes, or panicles. Sepals usually 

 2, rarely 5, free, or adnate to the base of the ovary. Petals usually 



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