INSECTS AND DISEASES 43 
plant is dormant, but early spring, when the 
scale, after a long season of inactivity, is about 
to begin its active work, is by far the best time. 
Vines that must be watched especially for the 
development of the scale include the euonymus, 
which is the most liable of the whole vine family, 
the bitter-sweet, the actinidias, the bignonias, 
and the climbing roses. 
The most effective spray material for com- 
batting scale is, as mentioned above, the lime- 
sulphur wash. In case you are willing to use 
this, in spite of its staining propensities, the 
regulation formula is as follows: Quicklime, 20 
pounds; flowers of sulphur, 15 pounds; water, 
50 gallons. The lime and sulphur must be 
thoroughly boiled together, hence an iron kettle 
is almost a vital necessity. Slake the lime rapidly 
with hot water. As soon as the slaking begins, 
add the sulphur and stir. When the slaking has 
ceased, add more water and boil the mixture 
for one hour, when the preparation will become 
a rich orange-red. Add the rest of the fifty 
gallons of water and spray while warm if pos- 
sible. If steam is available it can be turned into 
the mixture and the bother of boiling it over a fire 
be obviated. As stated, this mixture must be used 
on dormant plants only. 
