THE GRAPE 233 
often practised with an idea of the esthetic 
value of the vine, although by intelligent pruning 
and pinching back, an attractive vine can also 
be made profitable. On a commercial scale, 
neither of these supports is advisable, but rather 
the continuous wire trellis. 
The more common wire trellis is built by simply 
stringing one to three wires on strong posts set 
firmly in the ground every twenty or thirty feet. 
The method of training practised on such a 
trellis, involves what is called the renewal system. 
In this we let one or more branches develop the 
first yearto bear fruiting spurs the second season. 
While these latter spurs are developing, we start 
an equal number of main branches in an opposite 
or symmetrical direction, these to produce fruiting 
spurs the next or third season in the life of the 
vine. Each alternate year one set of main 
branches is cut back to the stem or crown of the 
vine, while the other is allowed to make growth 
for the next year. 
Differing but slightly from the foregoing system 
is the system of renewal by means of spurs. In 
this method, a number of shoots are trained or 
tied to the wires and are left permanently, the 
fruiting spurs being renewed from year to year, 
the old ones being cut off as soon as they have 
