260 VINES 
treatment tends to bring the roots to the surface, 
which, of course, should be avoided, unless one is 
anxious to water in dry weather. Retrenching is 
slower in giving results, but its effects are 
more lasting. 
Transplanting can be done at almost any time, 
except during the period of actual growth (June 
and July) if the plants are severely pruned, for 
they will quickly start growth from the young 
eyes. Spring, however, is the best time, and the 
earlier the better. Even though planting under 
the most favourable conditions, it is advisable 
to prune well. A quick start counts for much in 
planting and it will help greatly to throw a 
handful of fertilizer in the ground near the roots, 
but not in actual contact. If growth does not 
start quickly, the wood hardens. Young rose 
plants can be raised by layering in early spring. 
Remove all flowering wood. Make a clean cut 
about half way through the shoot to be layered, 
just below an eye, bend the shoot down to the 
ground, and fasten it with pegs or stones. Place 
a handful of sharp sand around the cut portion 
and keep it well watered. It will quickly emit roots 
and may be severed from the parent plant in from 
four to six weeks. 
To summarize the requirements of roses: 
