TO THE FLOWER GARDEN. 77 



COTTON GRASS. See Eriophorum. 



COTTON TREE. See Gussypium. 



COTYLEDON. [Crassulacese.] Greenhouse succulent- 

 leaved evergreen shrubs. Sandy loam, with one-eighth old 

 mortar. Propagated by cuttings. A large genus, all the 

 species curious. 



COWANIA. [Rosaceae.] Greenhouse evergreen shrub. 

 Soil, sandy peat and loam. Increased by cuttings in sand 

 mider a bell-glass. C. plicata, flowers red, in June. 



COW PARSNIP. See Heracj.eum. 



CRANES-BILL. See Geranium. 



CRANIOLARiA. [Pedaliaceae.] Greenhouse annuals, 

 requiring the culture of Martyiiia, from which this has been 

 separated. 



CRASSULA. [Crassulacese.] Succulent greenhouse shrubs. 

 The most ornamental of the old Crassulas have been re- 

 moved, and are now called Kalosanthes. 



CRATAEGUS. Hawthorn. [Pomaceae.] The most 

 ornamental genus of the smaller trees. It is among an 

 extensive family : the majority grow into trees of from twelve 

 to twenty feet high, with considerable diversity of habit. 

 The flowers are for the most part white in bunches, so 

 familiar in the common " May," or Hawthorn ; but there are 

 some with pink blossoms. The trees are, however, no less 

 valuable on account of their flowers than their fruit, which is 

 very ornamental in the autumn, the flowers being developed 

 in the spring, or between April and June. The Thorns all 

 grow freely in good garden soil, preferring that of a loamy 

 texture. They are, in ordinary cases, better known as small 

 standards or trees than as bushes. It is usual to graft all 

 the kinds upon stocks of the common Hawthorn ; an upright 

 leading shoot is then trained up to a sufficient height for the 

 stem, which may be four or six feet high, when they are 

 pruned to form the head. The common kind for stocks, or 

 for the purpose of forming hedges — for which it is one of the 

 best of deciduous subjects — is raised from the seeds or haws, 

 sown broadcast in beds, and transplanted when a year old into 

 nursery-beds. Fences are best planted with two-year-old 

 plants. The stocks for grafting should be four years old, and 

 if they are not placed whei'c the trees are to remain, they 



