TO THE FLOWER GARDEN. 83 



bush ; is equally desirable trained over the surface of a garden 

 wall or building ; forms a very ornamental hedge ; or, if 

 trained up or " worked " on a clean stem, makes a very con- 

 spicuous small standard tree. The plant is perfectly hardy, 

 which, combined with its easy culture, recommends it to 

 general favour. There are varieties with cream - coloured 

 and semi-double red flowers, but they are far inferior to the 

 common kind. 



CYNANCHUM. [Asclepiadaceae.] Hardy herbaceous 

 perennials for the most part : they are not showy. Common 

 soil. Propagated by division. 



CYNARA. x'Vrttchoke. [Compositse.] Striking plants, 

 with ornamental foliage, for large borders and the fronts of 

 shrubberies. Common soil. Increased by division. 



CYNOGLOSSUM. Hound's Tongue. [Boraginace^.] 

 A rather large genus of hardy plants, including perennials, 

 biennials, and annuals. Common soil. Increased by division 

 or by seeds. They are rather coarse-habited plants, and 

 admissible only in large mixed borders. 



CYPELLA. [Iridacege.] A genus of pretty little half- 

 hardy bulbous plants, which may be grown in a frame, with 

 protection against frost in winter. They should have a light 

 compost of loam, peat, and leaf-mould in equal proportions, 

 with sand added, and are propagated by offsets. C. plumhea 

 is sometimes called Phalocallis plumhea. 



CYPRESS. See Cupressus. 



CYPRIPEDIUM. Lady's Slipper. [Orchidacese.] Beau- 

 tiful herbaceous perennials, comprising about a dozen hardy 

 and some half-dozen stove species. The latter are easily cul- 

 tivated in a moist heated atmosphere, such as the orchideous 

 family generally require, and may be potted in rough turfy 

 peat. They must not be over-watered at the root, nor should 

 cold water be poured about their roots or hearts at any time. 

 They increase by division. The hardy ones are more difficult 

 to cultivate, and can only be well managed in a cold shady 

 frame, kept almost constantly closed during summer, in order 

 to keep up a cool, calm, and moist atmosphere. A bed of 

 peat earth should be made up, and the roots planted out in it. 

 This bed should be covered on the surface with moss, to keep 

 it regularly and constantly moist. They may be kept in pots 



