942 



BOWKERIA. 



SUPPLEMENT. 



CASTANOI'SIS. 



B. arborescens is a shrubby plant, covered 

 with long, narrow leaves, and crowded heads 

 of yellow flowers 6 to 8 ft. high, and rather 

 pretty. 



B. Bolanderi is about a foot high with viscid 

 stems covered with dense white wool ; its 

 flowers are a bright yellow. 



B. ceruminosa is a strongly scented shrub. 

 The leaves are sticky and needle-like, and the 

 flowers a pretty pale yellow. 



B. Cooperi is a low growing plant with very 

 narrow almost needle-like leaves and heads of 

 yellow flowers. 



B. Douglasii varies from i to 6 ft. in 

 height, forming a stout, shrubby column or 

 pyramid, with narrow leaves and bright yellow 

 flowers. 



B. graveolens, the best known species, is of 

 shrubby habit and from I to 6 ft. high, much 

 branched, and thickly covered with narrow 

 light green leaves about 2 in. long and 

 covered with white silky wool. The flowers 

 appear as heads of 4 to 6 in., very fragrant 

 and of a pale yellow, lasting from the middle 

 of summer to late autumn. Though free- 

 flowering in southern gardens and in a good 

 year, further north it blooms less freely and is 

 sometimes injured by spring frosts. Of 

 B. graveolens there are several forms : — 

 albicatdis (Dwarf Princess' Plume) with leaves 

 more densely woolly and the tube of the 

 flowers covered with long spreading hairs ; it 

 forms a low, rounded tuft of about a foot, 

 each spray ending in a little golden plume. 

 This is useful for edgings and low hedges. 

 Other kinds are hololenca, covered with 

 woolly hairs so densely as to resemble a coat 

 of wool ; and glabraia, which bears only a 

 trace of the wooly coating so conspicuous in 

 other forms of the plant. 



B. Menziesii is a gummy plant of 12 to 18 

 in., with spoon-shaped leaves and yellow 

 flowers. 



B. teretifolia is a shrub with long narrow 

 leaves, sticky and fragrant as in other kinds, 

 and the flowers a pretty pale yellow. 



BOWKERIA.— .fi". iriphylla is a scarce 

 shrub from South Africa, hardy in a few 

 sheltered places along the south coast. It 

 grows to a height of 7 ft. or more, with 

 wrinkled leaves and white flowers appear- 

 ing singly or in loose clusters from the 

 leaf-axils during July and August. They 

 are hooded and pouched like a Calceolaria 

 flower, and about an inch across every 

 \\a)'. Syn., />. i^c7'ardiana. 



BROUSSONETIA PAPYRIFERA 

 {Paper Mulberry). — A small summer- 

 leafing tree allied to the Mulberry, and 

 somewhat similar in its broadly rounded 

 head and the large and softly hairy leaves. 

 The shape of the leaf is, however, most 

 variable even upon the same tree, some 

 being entire and others deeply lobed, 

 while there are varieties with leaves 

 crisped, variegated, and variously cut. 



The catkin-like flowers are dull red, and 

 with a scent of Cowslips, coming in May 

 either as short spikes or rounded fleshy 

 balls, according as they are male or 

 female, while the fruits consist of small 

 fleshy nutlets. Though hardy in the south 

 of Britain, where it makes a shapely lawn 

 tree, in the north it needs shelter and is 

 safest against a wall. There are several 

 means of increase, including seed, root- 

 cuttings, layers, suckers, soft cuttings 

 under glass, or ripened cuttings in the 

 open air. Rich moist soil with a w^arm 

 and porous sub-soil are the best con- 

 ditions, and growth is rapid in young 

 trees. It is one of the best of town trees, 

 and a good shade tree for lawns or 

 avenues, but if the roots get injured it 

 gives some trouble with suckers. 



The most distinct varieties are viacrophylla, 

 with large entire leaves ; heterophylla, with 

 leaves of different shapes ; cticitllata, with 

 small leaves curiously crisped and twisted ; 

 laciniata, a tender variety in which they are 

 finely cut ; dissccta, somewhat similar but 

 hardier, of very slender and compact growth ; 

 and BiHiardi, a very distinct kind in which 

 the leaf-stalk is strangely prolonged and the 

 leaf reduced to a tiny leaflet at the end. In 

 habit this is as distinct and graceful as the 

 last, and either of these make pretty lawn 

 trees, as indeed does also the good variegated 

 variety. China. 



There are two or three other species of a 

 like general character, but not so hardy and 

 useful. The best known is B. Kazinoki from 

 Japan, a tree of vigorous but slender growth, 

 with large rounded leaves, smoother and less 

 cut than in the common Paper Mulberry. 

 That name is derived from the fact that the 

 fibrous bark is used by the Chinese for making 

 paper. 



CARDUNCELLUS PINNATUS.— A 



pretty little alpine plant of the Thistle 

 order, with finely-cut leaves and attractive 

 heads of lilac flowers like a Cornflower. 

 If in strong or rich soils it spreads from 

 the root and becomes rank, but in light 

 dry soils and full sun it makes neat tufts 

 of about 8 in., hardy, and not troublesome. 

 Division. Southern Europe. 



CASTANOPSIS CHRYSOPHYLLA 

 {Golden Cliestmit). — A beautiful e\ergreen 

 tree of the Pacific coast of N. America, 

 coming between the Oaks and the Chest- 

 nuts. In moist valleys near the sea 

 the finest trees reach a height of 150 

 ft., but it is often only alow shrub on the 

 mountain sides. At a little distance these 

 low densely-branched little trees look like 

 a Bay or a Holly Oak, only the leaf is 

 smaller and narrower, with a po^^•dery 

 golden undcr-surface of beautiful effect 

 when stirred by wind. It blooms in Sep- 



