GARDEN FLOWERS. 123 



white ; North India ; 1845. ^- toineiitosa (woolly) ; 4 feet ; flow- 

 ers pink, in May ; 1759. C. vulgaris (common) ; 4 feet ; flowers 

 pink, in May ; Europe ; 1656. C. vulgaris depressa (depressed) ; 

 flowers white, in May ; Europe. C. vulgaris erythrocarpa (red- 

 fruited) ; 4 feet; flowers white, in May ; Europe. C. vulgaris 

 7nela7iocarpa (black-fruited) ; 8 feet ; flowers white, in May ; 

 Europe. 



Cotton Grass. See Eriophoru.m. 



CousiNEA. [Compositae.] A family of not ver}^ orna- 

 mental hardy plants. The annuals increased by seed, the 

 perennials by division. Common soil. The species are 

 C. carduifonnis, cyiiaroides^ ffohenakeri, hysfrix, macrocephala, 

 tmella^ and Vblgensis. 



Cow Parsnip. See Heracleum. 



Cowslip. See Primula. 



Crane's Bill. See Gef \nium. 



Crataegus. Hawthotm. [Pomaceae.] The most orna- 

 mental genus of the smaller trees. It is a very extensive 

 family. The majority grow from t^velve to twent}^ feet high, 

 forming small trees of considerable diversity of habit. The 

 flowers are for the most part white, in bunches, so familiar 

 in the common Hawthorn ; but there are some with pink 

 blossoms. The trees are, however, no less valuable on 

 account of their flowers than their fruit, which is ver}' orna- 

 mental in the autumn ; the flowers being developed in the 

 spring, or between May and June. The thorns all grow 

 freely in good garden soil, preferring that of a loamy tex- 

 ture. They are, in ordinary cases, better known as small 

 standards, or trees, than as bushes. It is usual to graft all 

 the kinds upon stocks of the common Hawthorn : an upright 

 leading shoot is then trained up to a sufficient height for the 

 stem, which may be four or six feet high, when they are 

 pruned to form the head. The common kind for stocks, or 

 for the purpose of forming hedges, — for which it is one of 



