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BUDDING. 59 
ver. Of these points the most importaatitte the joining closely the 
bark of the bud to the wood of the stock, and the performing the 
operation in moist, or at least in cloudy weather; and if these are 
attended to there is little doubt of success. When the young shoot 
begins to grow, it is usual to shorten the branches of the stock, so 
as to throw the whole vigour of the tree into the bud. It is singular 
to observe that even when the operation is mest successful, no inti- 
mate union takes place between the bud and the stock: they grow 
firmly together, but they do not incorporate, and the point of union 
may always be distinctly traced. 
It must always be remembered that a plant can only be budded 
on another plant of the same nature as itself; thus a peach may be 
budded on a plum, as they are both stone fruits, and both belong to 
the same section of the natural order Rosacez; but a peach can nei- 
ther be budded on a walnut, which belongs to another natural order, 
nor even on an apple ora pear, both of which, though belonging to the 
order Rosacee, are kerneled fruits, and are included in another sec- 
tion. 
Grafting differs from budding in its being the transfer of a shoot 
with several buds on it, from one tree to another, instead of only a 
single bud; and as budding has been compared to sowing seeds, so 
has grafting to making cuttings. The art of grafting consists in 
bringing two portions of growing shoots together, so that the liber 
or soft vood of the two may unite and grow together; and the same 
general principles apply to it as to budding. There are above fifty 
modes of grafting described in books, but only three or four are in 
common use. Ys 
In ail kinds of grafting the shoot to be transferred is called the scion, 
and the tree that is to receive it is called the stock; and it is always 
desirable, not only that the kinds to be united should be of the same 
genus, or at least of the same natural family, but that they should 
agree as closely as possible in their time of leafing, in the duration 
of their leaves, and in their habits of growth. This is comformable to 
common sense; as it is quite obvious that unless the root send up a 
supply of sap at the time the leaves want it, and only then, the graft 
must suffer either from famine or repletion. For this reason, a deci- 
duous plant cannot be grafted on an evergreen, and the reverse. The 
necessity of a conformity in the habit of growth, is strikingly dis- 
played in Mr. Loudon’s Arboretum. Britannicum, in a wood er 
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