CALCEOLARIA. 
CALENDULA. 
unite freely with those that are 
herbaceous. In 1820, ouly half a 
dozen species were known, onl) one 
of which, C. corymbosa, Cav., with 
large yellow flowers, had any pre- 
tensions to beauty. In the next ten 
years, five or six more species were | 
introduced from Chili, two of which, 
C. arachnéidea, and C. purpirea, 
Grah., had purple flowers. The lat- 
ter closely resembled C. corymbosa 
in its habit of growth; and about 
April, 1830, the happy idea struck | 
the late Mr. Penny, of the Milford | 
Nursery, to attempt to hybridize 
them. The result was the hybrid, 
C. Gellaniana, the flowers of which | 
Mr. | 
Penny then tried C arachnéidea as | 
were orange and dark brown. 
one of the parents, instead of C. 
purpurea, aud he produced the mag- 
nificent Calceolaria, which he called 
C. Youngit, which is still common 
in collections. In 1831, the spotted- 
flowered Calceolaria, C. crenat:flora, 
Cav., (C. péndula, D. Don.) was 
introduced, and from this several 
splendid hybrids were raised. Some 
cultivator was then induced to try 
to hybridize one of the shrubby kinds, 
C. bicolor, the flowers of which 
were pale yellow and white, with 
the herbaceous kinds having dark 
yellow and purple flowers, and some 
beautiful plants were the result. 
From that time to the present, innu- 
merable hybrids have been raised 
every year, varying through every 
possible shade of crimson, brown, 
orange, purple, pink, and yellow, 
sometimes spotted, and sometimes 
delicately melting into white. One 
or two have been raised which were 
pure white, and others white with 
clearly marked and distinct spots. 
They are all half-hardy, only re- 
quiring protection from frost ; and 
they should be grown in a compost 
of equal parts of turfy loam and peat, 
with a little sand. They all require 
a good deal of water, as even the 
little hardy shrubby kind, C. rugosa, 
with small, dark yellow flowers, will 
flag, if water should be neglected 
even for a single day. The herba- 
_ceous kinds are still more susceptible 
im this respect, and, when grown in 
ts, should stand in saucers of 
water ; the water being changed 
| every day, and never giver to them 
till it has been warmed by standing 
for a little time in the same tempera- 
ture as the plants. 
Calceolarias are propagated by 
cuttings, which strike readily in the 
same soil as that in which the plants 
are grown ; and which do not even 
require the aid of a bell-glass, though 
they will certainly strike sooner un- 
der one than without. The seeds 
ripen in great abundance, and they 
should be sown as soon as they are 
ripe. ‘The young plants should be 
piricked out as soon as they come up, 
and then transplanted imto larger 
and larger pots, increasing gradually 
in size, and each being only a little 
larger than the preceding one, till 
they begin to show flower-buds ; 
and when thus treated, they will 
flower the following summer. When 
the seeds are not sown till spring, 
they will not flower till the second 
summer. ‘There is only one annual 
Calceolaria, C. pinndta, and it is 
not worth growing. 
Cate/npuLA.—Compoésite. — The 
Marigold. ‘There are several hand- 
some species, some of which are 
shrubby, and some annuals; the 
common Marigold, C. officinalis, and 
its varieties, and C. stellata, are the 
handsomest of the annual species. 
The Cape Marigolds, C. pluvialis, 
and C. hy'brida, have been removed 
by Professor De Candolle to a new 
genus, which he calls Dimorphothe- 
ca. Both these species are hardy 
annual plants, with very elegant 
flowers, which close at the with- 
drawal of the sun; and, as they 
do not open at all when dark heavy 
clouds foretell the approach of rain, 
Linneeus called the commonest spe~ 
