CARDAMINE. 
which destroy the beauty of some 
of the other species —Eb.} 
Ca'psicum. — Solandcee. — The 
pods of the plants belonging to this | 
genus produce the Cayenne pepper; 
and they are very ornamental from 
their brilliant colour, which is a 
bright scarlet, and their remaining on 
all the winter. ‘They are generally 
tender annuals, requiring the heat 
of a stove to ripen their fruit ; but 
there is one species, C. cerasiforme, 
sometimes called Cherry Pepper, or 
Bell Pepper, which dees not require 
any greater heat than that of a 
greenhouse. 
Caraca\na.—Leguminose.—The 
principal species contained in the 
genus Caragana are low trees and 
Jarge shrubs, with abruptly pinnate 
leaves, and pea-flowers, which are 
generally yellow. ‘They are mostly 
natives of Siberia, and flower early 
in spring ; their light elegant foliage 
often appearing as early as March. 
All the species are very ornamental ; 
but the tree kinds are more so than 
the others. C. jubdta, which differs 
from the rest in having white flow- 
ers tinged with red, is a low shrub, 
not above eighteen inches high, 
presenting a curious shagey appear- 
ance from the footstalks of the 
leaves remaining on, and becoming 
hard and thorny, after the ieaflets 
have dropped off. C. Chaimldgu, 
the Chinese Caragana, which is| 
naturally a low shrub, forms a very 
graceful pendulous tree, when graft- 
ed on a stock of C. arboréscens ten 
or twelve feet high. All the Cara- 
ganas were formerly considered to 
belong to the genus Robinia. They 
are all quite hardy, and will grow 
in any common garden soil; most 
of the species prefer.a poor gravel, 
but C. arboréscens thrives best in 
the neighbourhood of water. The 
species are propagated by layers or 
cuttings, or by seeds, which they 
ripen in abundance. 
Carpa’mine.— Crucifere.—— Low 
150 
CARTHAMUS. 
herbaceous plants, natives of Eu- 
/rope, and of which C. praténsis 
_pléna, the Cuckoo Flower, or La- 
dy’s Smock, and one or two other 
species, deserve a place in the 
flower-garden. C. trifolia is valu- 
able for its early flowering, and, 
with several other species, is well 
adapted for pots or rockwork. Com- 
| mon soil, kept moist. 
CARDINAL-FLOWER.— The Scar- 
let Lobelia—See Lose‘iia. 
Ca’rpuvus.— Composite.— The 
Thistle—Some of the species are 
very ornamental; though they are 
many of them tall robust-growing 
plants, which require a great deal 
of room, and are too large for a 
small garden. ; 
Ca\rex. —— Cyperacee. ——- The 
Sedges are well-known British and 
American plants, of which only 
one species, C. Fraseridna, Ait., a 
native of America, deserves a place 
in the flower garden. It grows 
about half a foot in height, has 
broader leaves than the common 
Sedges, and produces its large white 
flowers, which look lke little lilies, 
from April to June. It requires a 
moist loamy soil, or to be grown in 
a pot, and kept in 2 pan of water. 
Carnation.—See Dra'ntuus. 
Caron Tree.—See CERATOo'NIA. 
Carou'NgEA. — Bromeliécee, — 
Splendid tropical low trees, one of 
which, C. insignis, occasionally 
flowers in British stoves. It re 
quires a rich loamy soil, and plenty 
of space ; and it may be propaga- 
ted by cuttings with the leaves on, 
in sand under a glass, and plunged 
in heat. 
Ca'rtHamus. —— Compésite. — 
Hardy annuals. C. tinetorius, the 
Bastard Saffron, is an old inhabit- 
ant of British gardens, and it only 
requires sowing in the open air in 
March or April. From the dried 
flowers of this plant is made what 
is called vegetable rouge. C. la- 
natus, L., the Distaff Thistle, is 
