CATERPILLARS. 
151 
CATTLEYA. 
now called Kentrophy'llum land- | structive to vegetation. Many gar- 
tum by De Candolle. 
Ca'ssia. — Leguminise. — The | 
Senna tree. Only a few of the) 
species are from temperate cli- | 
mates; and among these, C. corym- 
bosa, Lam., is a very showy green- 
house shrub, with yellow flowers ; 
and C. marilandica, from Mary- | 
land, is a perennial herbaceous | 
plant of easy culture in the open | 
garden. All the ligneous species | 
are readily propagated by cuttings, | 
and the others by seeds or division | 
of the roots. 
Castitie‘sa.— Scrophularine.— | 
The American Painted Cup, C. 
coccinea, Sprengel, Bartsia, L., 
Euchréma, Nut., is a hardy annual, 
‘with yellow flowers and scarlet | 
bracts, which ouly requires sow- 
ing in March or April in the open 
ground. 
Cata'Lra. — Bignonidcee.—De- 
ciduous trees, one of which, C. 
springefolia, Bot. Mag., is quite 
hardy in British shrubberies, in 
which it richly deserves a place on 
account of its fine leaves and splen- 
did flowers. It will grow in any 
common soil that is tolerably dry ; 
but if it has too much moisture, the 
shoots, which are naturally soft, 
with a large pith, will never be 
thoroughly ripened. For the same 
reason, the situation ought te be 
airy. It is propagated by seeds, or 
cuttings of the roots. 
Carana'NCHE. — Composite. — 
Herbaceous plants, natives of the 
South of Europe. C. cerilea is a 
perennial ; C. bicolor is a biennial ; 
and C. litea, an annual. All the 
species have pretty flowers, but 
are rather awkward-looking plants, 
from their long and very slender 
flower-stalks. They are of easy 
culture, but grow best in poor grav- 
elly soil. 
CatcuFriy.—See Sixe'ne. 
CarerriLLars.——-The larve of 
moths and butterflies, and very de- 
deners keep their gardens clear by 
destroying the female butterflies 
and moths before they have laid 
their eggs (see Burrerriy and 
Morn); and others by carefully 
searching for the eggs early in 
spring, when the trees are without 
leaves. When these preventive 
measures have been neglected, the 
only effectual way to prevent the 
ravages of caterpillars is to pick 
them off the trees separately. ‘The 
visits of caterpillars are very uncer- 
tain, and some seasons they are 
much more abundant than in others. 
Sometimes the caterpillars of the 
Magpie Moth will entirely strip the 
gooseberry bushes of their leaves, 
and the fruit will, in consequence, 
become tough and insipid; and in 
other seasons, the caterpillars of the 
Lackey Moth, the Hawthorn But- 
terfly, and the Ermine Moth, will 
strip the Hawthorn and other shrubs. 
In all these cases hand-picking 
should be reserted to as soon as the 
insects are perceived. Many per- 
sons recornmend fumigating with 
tobacco smoke, or by burning wet 
straw under the tree; and others, 
washing with tobacco or lime wa- 
ter; but most of these remedies are 
worse than the disease. 
Carmint.—See Nepe'ta. 
Catrie'ya. — Orchiddcee.—Or- 
chideous plants, with large and 
splendid flowers, natives of South 
America. They may be grown 
elther in pots, in peat mixed with 
lime rubbish ; or on pieces of wood 
or eccoa husks hung up in a hot- 
house, the roots being wrapped in 
wet moss. All the species of Cat- 
tleya are easily propagated by di- 
viding their roots; and they are 
particularly valuable, as they will 
thrive in a common hothouse if 
well supplied with water, without 
requiring the excessive heat and 
moisture generally necessary for the 
repical Orchidee. “ 
