FRAMES. 
ea 
FRAMES. 
the water to rise so high for them as 
for jets; and consequently the cis- 
tern need not be so much elevated. 
The beauty of fountains of this 
kind depends on the adjutages, 
. . | 
which are so contrived as to throw | 
the water in many different forms. 
For example, some are intended to 
represent a dome, and others a con- 
volvulus, a basket, a wheatsheaf, 
and a variety of other devices. 
The water from these fountains | 
is generally received into a shell, 
whence it forms a sort of miniature 
cascade to the basin below. 
Four-o’cLocKk-FLowEeR.—A_ kind 
of Marvel of Peru. See Mira’zrus. 
FoxGLove.—See Dicira‘xis. 
Frames.—A frame in gardening 
may be described as a bottomless 
box with a cover of glass. The 
glass is fixed in a sash of convenient 
dimensions for being taken off, and 
put on again at pleasure, and the 
sides of the box are of sucha height 
as to admit of the growth of plants 
of a foot or more high. The back 
of the frame or box is placed to- 
wards the north, and is generally 
about the height of two feet, and 
the frame being right-angled, the 
side towards the south is usually 
about one foot or fourteen inches 
in height. The ordinary width is 
from five to seven feet, and the 
length may be three or more times 
the width, divided into sashes of 
two and a half feet or three feet 
broad. The frame may be either 
set on a bed of the common soil of 
the garden, in which case it is 
merely used for the protection of 
plants from the weather, or it may 
be placed on a bed of fermenting 
manure, or other materials that gen- 
erate heat, for bringing forward 
seeds or tender plants. Sometimes 
frames are placed against steeply 
sloping surfaces, or against walls; 
in which cases the object is to bring 
forward plants trained on the wall 
or sloping surface. Frames are of 
the greatest use in gardening, not 
‘only for protecting plants that are 
‘not quite so hardy as those usually 
planted in the open air, especially 
in the winter season, such as Al- 
pines, and seedlings of hardy plants 
-which are somewhat tender when 
young, but for germinating seeds. 
Frames on beds of dung are com- 
monly called hotbeds, and are par- 
ticularly useful for raising young 
plants from seeds, striking cuttings, 
and, in culinary gardening, for grow- 
ing crops of such plants as Cucum- 
bers, Melons, &c. As the air con- 
fined within the frame is apt to be- 
come suddenly heated by bright 
sunshine, or by the fermenting ma- 
' terial when the open air is temperate, 
care must be taken to prevent the 
heat from being at any time greater 
than the plants will bear; and this 
is effected by raising the sashes, or 
lights as they are technically called, 
by wooden wedges placed between 
them and the frame, in the hinder 
or higher part of the frame, so as 
to admit of the escape. of the ex- 
cessively heated air. Hence it-is 
desirable in all frames, where much 
delicacy of temperature requires to 
be attended to, to keep a thermom 
/eter within them; and in general, 
when the temperature within rises 
to 60°, to lift up the sash and to in- 
troduce the wedge between it and 
the back of the frame, so as to per- 
mit the heated air to escape. Frames 
are sometimes also set upon low | 
brick walls, which may either be ~ 
raised above the soil, if it should 
be naturally moist, or sunk into it, 
if it should be naturally dry. . 
such cases, instead of a box of 
boards, the box may be said to be 
formed of brick or stone, on the top 
of which is placed a framing of 
wood to receive the sashes. Such 
frames, or brick pits, as they are 
called, are used to preserve half- 
hardy and greenhouse plants during 
the winter. All frames that are 
