FRINGE-TREE. 
used in winter or spring should be 
covered during the night, especially 
215 
| 
FROST. 
FrititLa ria.— Tulipacee.—Hardy 
bulbous-rooted plants, which will 
when the weather is cold, to retain | thrive in any common garden soil ; 
the heat generated by the sun, or | but which do best in sandy loam. 
the fermenting material, during the | There are several species. 
day. This covering is generally of 
bast mats laid on the glass sashes ; 
but it is rendered much more effec- 
tive when the mats are kept an inch 
or two apart from the sashes, so as 
to retain between them a stratum 
of air, which, from its non-conduct- 
ing power, greatly lessens the es- 
cape of heat through the mats. As 
mats are apt to absorb the rain in- 
stead of conducting it off, coverings | 
of thatch formed of regularly drawn | 
wheat-straw or reeds, are considered | 
preferable ; though such roofings are 
scarcely worth attending to in a 
small garden, where there is perhaps 
only oneframe. The best covering 
of all is composed of boarded shut- 
ters, placed a few inches distant 
from the frame, and this species of | 
shelter is at once neat and durable, 
and calculated to retain a stratum 
of air above the glass, while it effec- 
tually throws off the rain. 
Franco‘\s.—Francodcee, or Ga- 
lactnee.—Handsome plants, most 
of which may be treated either as 
annuals or perennials, and may be 
always raised from seed. They are 
nearly hardy, and will grow in any 
common ‘garden soil. 
with white flowers, is generally kept 
in the greenhouse, and will not ad- 
mit of being treated as an annual. 
Franke'nia.— Caryophyllacee.— 
Sea-heath. Dwarf perennials, which 
work, in a mixture of loam and peat, 
and which are increased by seeds, 
or cuttings. 
Fraxine'Lua.—See Dicta’mnus. 
FrencH Honeysuckie.—See He- 
DY’SARUM. 
Frenco Marigotp.—See Ta- 
GE‘TES. 
Frince-Tree.— See Cuiona'n- 
THUS. 
F. remosa, | 
They 
are increased by offsets ; and they 
may remain several years in the 
ground without taking up, and 
without receiving any injury. 
Fritittary.—See Friritia‘ria 
Froesit.—Hydrocharis morsus- 
réne.—A very graceful aquatic, 
with white flowers. 
Frost is injurious to plants in 
proportion to their natural tender- 
ness, and to their succulency, wheth- 
er induced by art, by culture, or the 
season, or the accidental or natural 
moisture of the soil. Hence, to pro- 
tect plants from frost, the first step 
is the thorough drainage of the sub- 
soil; and the next, the use of a soil 
composed of: materials which will 
readily permit the escape of water, 
and which, of course, is always 
comparatively dry. On such a soil, 
if a frame covered with glass sashes 
be placed, and covered with mats, 
thatch, or boards during severe 
nights, all half-hardy plants will be 
completely protected. But there 
are a great many plants in beds, and 
borders, and against walls, which 
cannot be conveniently protected by 
these means ; and the roots or lower 
parts of the stems of plants thus 
situated may be covered with leaves, 
straw, litter, rotten tan, or any other 
dry non-conducting material which 
will retain air, and consequently 
| prevent the escape of heat, and yet 
should be grown in pots, or on rock- 
throw off water. In general, all 
herbaceous plants may be entirely 
covered during winter with such 
kind of materials; and all ligneous 
plants will besaved from being killed, 
if the root-stock, neck, or collar, a 
so covered. The branches and up- 
per part of the stem, if left naked, 
may indeed be destroyed ; but if the 
collar and the ground for two or three 
feet around it be thus protected, the 
