GRAFTING. 
230 
GRAFTING. 
that they be of the same genus, or | 
family ; though, in some cases, all 
the genera of a tribe will graft on 
one another. ‘Thus, any kind of 
Camellia may be grafted on any 
other kind of Camellia or Tea Tree, 
but not on any other genus; while 
any kind of Pyrus may not only be 
grafted on any other kind of Pyrus, 
but also on Crategus, Mespilus, 
Sorbus, Cydonia, and perhaps sev- 
eral others. 
The primary cause is probably 
to be found in the organization of 
the respective tissues of the plants, 
those uniting which are alike; but 
as this can- only be determined by 
microscopic observation, and only 
then by the most acute vegetable 
anatomists, the safe rule in practice 
is to limit our attempts at grafting 
to species of the same genus. 
The uses of grafting are various. 
By grafting a weak growing species 
or variety on a strong growing kind, 
the weak growing variety becomes 
more vigorous; and consequently, 
a large and handsome plant is much 
sooner produced than could be done 
by layers, cuttings, or seeds. On 
the contrary, by grafting a strong 
growing plant on a weak, low, or 
slow-growing stock, dwarf plants 
are produced, and thus specimens 
of large trees may be obtained with- 
in a very limited space. Plants 
may be propagated by grafting that 
cannot be increased readily by any 
other mode; as is the case with 
common fruit trees. ‘The shoots of 
seedling plants grafted on a stock 
of several years’ growth, will sooner 
produce blossoms and fruit than 
when left to grow on their own 
roots. 
There are various kinds of graft- 
ing; but they are all founded on 
this essential condition, viz. that 
the inner bark of the scton should 
be closely united to the inner bark 
of the stock. Where the scion and 
the stock are of the same thickness, 
this may be done at both edges; 
but where the stock is thicker than 
the scion, it can only be done at 
one edge, which, however, is found 
sufficient. The kinds of grafting 
best adapted for ladies, are the com- 
mon splice, or whip-grafting ; slit, 
or cleft-grafting ; side-grafting, and 
inarching. 
Fig. 23.—Whip, or Splice-Grafting. 
Whip, or Splice-grafting, is rep- 
resented in the cut 23, im which a 
is the scion, and 6 the stock. In 
this case both scion and stock are 
of the same thickness ; both are cut 
slanting, so as exactly to fit; and 
there is a dovetail notch in the stock 
for the scion to rest on. When the 
scion has been perfectly fitted to the 
stock, it is tied with a strand of mat- 
ting, as shown in the figure, and af- 
terwards covered with grafting-wax, 
or grafting-clay, the modes of mak- 
ing which will be given afterwards. 
There are different variations of the 
mode of grafting. Sometimes the 
dovetail notch is omitted, and at 
others a tongue is formed in the 
scion, and a slit made in the stock, 
into which it is mserted ; this tongue 
serving the purpose of the dovetail 
