HOTBEDS. 
248° 
HOTHOUSES. 
stance often found on the leaves of 
trees and shrubs in hot weather; 
and it is by some supposed to be 
produced by insects, and by others 
to be exuded by the tree. What- 
ever may be its cause, it does in- 
jury by stopping up the pores of the 
leaves; and it should be washed off 
as soon as it is discovered. 
Honey-FLower. — See Metia’n- 
THUS. 
. HoneysuckLe. — See Capriro'- 
LiuM and Lonice‘ra. 
Honryworr.—See Cert'NTHE. 
Hoop-rertricoat.—A kind of Nar- 
eissus, NN. bulbocodium. 
Hop.—See Hu'muuuvs. 
Horn or Pirenry.—See Fe‘pia. 
Horn-popry.—See GLavu‘cIuM. 
Horns.—See Fe‘pia. 
Horse-cHEsNuT.—See AX’/scuuts | 
and Pa'via. 
Horzeps are formed of dung, or 
any other vegetable fermenting 
| bed be not prepared till April, it 
/need not be made above one foot 
'in thickness. When the bed is 
formed, the upper surface sho be 
| perfectly level, or slightly sloping 
_to the south ; and it should be three 
| or four inches wider than the frame 
on every side. After the frame is 
set, the surface of the bed may be 
covered with six inches of light 
soil, on which the seeds may be 
sown; or, what will generally be 
found preferable, the seeds may be 
sown in pots, and plunged in this 
soil, care being taken that the heat 
of the bed is not too great, and that 
the seedlings when they come up 
do not suffer for want of air. There 
are thermometers for trying the 
temperature of earth or dung by 
plunging them into it; and there 
are others for trying the temperature 
of the air; but a very little experi- 
ence will render these unnecessary. 
material ; but stable dung is in| The soil should not be warmer than 
most general use, and is by far the | 60°, nor the air than 65° or 70°, 
best. When newly brought from | even during bright sunshine; but 
the stables, it should be laid in a | if during the night it falls as low as 
heap or ridge, five feet or six feet 45° or 50°, no bad consequences 
in width, and four feet or five feet | will ensue. In severe weather, the 
in height ; and after lying three or |sashes may be protected at night 
four days, till a brisk fermentation |with mats, boards, canvass, or hur- 
has taken place, it should be turned dles, covered with thatch or reeds. 
over, taking care te place what was 
outside in the interior ; and after a 
few days more, when a second fer- 
mentation has taken place, and the 
straw has become so tender as to 
be easily torn asunder with a fork, 
the dung may be made up into a 
bed. 
on a platform of soil, six or eight 
inches above the general surfs: e, to 
preserve it from wet; and it snould 
be of such a length and breadth as 
suit the frame or bottomless box 
which is to be placed upon it. For 
raising tender annuals, or striking 
cuttings, the depth of the bed of 
dung need not be more than two 
feet, if it be early in the season, for 
example in February; but if the 
This bed should be formed | 
| Hotbeds should always be placed in 
a sheltered situation open to the 
south, and if possible on dry soil. 
| When the heat of the dung begins 
to fall low, it may be renewed by 
exterior linings, which are narrow 
_masses of fermenting dung placed 
round the main bed of dung: but 
‘for raising flower-seeds, this is 
seldom necessary. 
Hornovuses differ from green- 
houses in being kept at a higher 
| temperature, so as to suit tropical 
plants; and in having a flat bed 
for the principal part of the plants 
|to stand on, instead of a sloping 
| stage of shelves. This bed is com- 
| monly surrounded by a narrow brick 
wall, two or three feet high, and 
Pa 
