INSTRUMENTS. 
258 
IPOMG@A. 
belonging to the section Lepidoptera, 
which includes the butterflies and | 
moths. Some of the Coleoptera, or 
beetles, are also very injurious, 
while in the grub state. It would | 
take too much space in a work like 
the present, to give even the names 
of all the insects which injure flow- 
ers ; but some of the most destruc- 
tive are mentioned by their popular 
names as they occur in the alpha- 
betical series, and a few words said 
on each. Entomology should, 
however, be studied by every one 
who loves flowers ; as it is of great 
service to the florist to know these 
destructive creatures under all their 
changes. It is true that insects are, 
in most cases, only injurious in the 
caterpillar state; but often, by de- 
stroying a chrysalis,—or a moth, or 
butterfly, before it has had time to 
lay its eggs, the mischief which 
would have been done by the brood 
which would be raised from them 
may be prevented. 
InstRUMENTs differ from imple- 
ments in having steel edges or 
blades, and in cutting wood instead 
of separating soil. ‘Those required 
for the flower-garden are knives 
of different kinds, cutting-shears, 
flower-gatherers, the scythe for 
mowing, and the bill, or the bill- 
hook, for cutting hedges. Knives 
are of many different kinds, and 
formerly all garden-knives were 
hooked at the extremity of the 
blade. It is now found, however, 
that this hooked form has a tendency 
to tear rather than to cut, and the 
best modern knives of every de- 
scription have a straight cutting 
edge, and a sharp point rather than 
a rounded one. ‘Those which are 
used for pruning or cutting, generally 
have no particular form of handle ; 
but those which are used for budding 
or grafting have an ivory handle, 
which terminates in a flat chisel- 
like form, for raising up the bark, 
~when inserting buds. In general, it 
| 
may be sufficient to observe that a 
_pruning-knife should have the ex- 
treme end of the handle thicker than 
the end next the blade, in order that 
it may never slip through the hands 
of the operator ; and that it should 
be somewhat curved to givea greater 
purchase. A few glances at the 
cutler’s, or in the seed-shops, would 
give a better idea of the sort of 
knives which an amateur ought to 
procure, than a page of directions ; 
but purchasers should be cautioned 
against all complex forms, in which 
a number of blades, including saws 
and chisels, and sometimes also 
screw-drivers, gimlets, and re 
mers are included in the same han 
dle. An excellent substitute for Med 
knife for the lady gardener is found 
in the pruning-shears with a slidmg 
motion, by which, what is called a 
draw-cut is produced, instead of 
what is called a crushing-cut, which 
bruises the bark, and renders the 
wound difficult to heal over.—See 
Pruninc SuHears. 
Inu‘La. — Composite. — Elecam- 
pane. Some of the foreign species 
of this genus are very showy plants, 
all with orange-yellow flowers, and 
large coarse stalks and leaves. They 
are only suitable for large gardens 
cr shrubberies, where they can have 
plenty of room. They will grow in 
any common garden soil, and they 
are increased by seeds, or dividing 
the root. 
Troma@‘a.—Convolvulacee. — Beau- 
tiful climbing plants, herbaceous and 
shrubby, which should be brought 
forward in a stove or hotbed ; though 
when they have formed their flower- 
buds, many of them may be planted 
out in May to flower in the open a 
All the species should be grown 
a light soil, well manured cai! e- 
cayed leaves, or the very rotten part 
of an old hotbed. Two beautiful 
kinds are J. ribro-c@rilea, a half- 
hardy annual, which, if planted cut 
in @ warm berder, will flower beau 
