WALLFLOWER. 
hardy plants in flower; the Cro- 
cuses, Hyacinths, and Narcissi, are 
just over, or beginning to decay, 
and the annuals have not yet begun 
to expand theirblossoms. In April 
and May, the brilliant yellow and 
dark orange of the Wallflowers give 
a peculiar brilliancy and liveliness 
to gardens, which without them 
would present a naked and dull ap- 
pearance. The common Wallflower 
(Cheiranthus Chéri) is generally 
called a biennial, and it does not 
flower till the second year after sow- 
ing. It will, however, frequently | 
live three or four years in favourable 
situations. ‘There are ten or twelve 
varieties ; some with rich dark red- 
dish brown flowers, called the Bloody 
Wallflowers, and others of a light 
yellow, with nearly all the inter- 
mediate shades. There is also one 
with dark purple flowers, and an- 
other with purple and pale yellow 
flowers, the first of which has va- 
riegated leaves. The dark and 
doub:e-flowered kinds should be 
grown in very rich soil, but not 
freshly manured. ‘The remains of 
Ceiery trenches used the previous 
year. or part of the ground under 
an oi. hotbed, will suit these flowers 
exceecingly well; taking care to 
mix a little sand with the soil, if it 
pe at ail loamy, in order to lighten 
it. As the varieties can never be 
depended upon for coming true from 
seed, the best way to preserve any 
that are very rich in colour, or very 
double, is to inake cuttings of them 
in May. These cuttings snould be 
frorn shoots of the current year, and 
they should be about three inches 
long. ‘They should be cut off care- 
fully, and the end should be cut 
smooth at a joint with a sharp knife. 
The leaves shouid then be cut off 
close to the stem, for about half the 
length of the cuitmgs; and they 
should be put into pois filled with 
410 
‘WALLS. 
in a pot. They should be sprinkled 
wita water three times a day, till 
they have taken root, which will be 
known by their begining to grow. 
In many cases, the cuttings are 
merely put into the open garden; 
choosing a shady place, and mixing 
a little sand with the mould, when 
the ground is dug over before plant- 
ing them. C. mutdabzlis is a half- 
shrubby evergreen, with dark purple, 
yellow, and lilach flowers; and it 
requires a light rich soil. C. Alpinus 
is a dwarf plant, with small yellow 
flowers, and is weli adapted for 
roeckwork. 'The stocks which were 
formerly considered to belong to 
this genus, are now removed to Ma- 
thiola. Both Stocks and Wallflow- 
ers are frequently called Gilliflowers, 
a corruption of July flowers, as the 
Stocks flower about that month. 
Watts for gardens are either 
used as boundary fences, and at the 
same time for the purpose of train- 
ing plants on, or they are erected in 
gardens for the latter purpose only. 
They may be formed of different 
materials, according to those that 
are most abundant in any given 
locality ; but the best of all walls 
for garden purposes are those which 
are built of brick. Stone walls are 
durable and good; but the stones 
being much larger than bricks, the 
joints between them are too faz 
apart for the purpose of neat train- 
ing. Mud or earth walls when 
properly built with a coping suffi- 
cient to throw off the rain on every 
side, are dry, warm, and very con- 
genial to plants, but from the fragile 
nature of the mud, they are not well 
adapted for trainmg on. These two 
last kind of walls should, therefore, 
be covered with wire or wooden 
trellis-work, to which the plants 
may be tied. Walls made of boards 
are very good where they are not 
required to be high; and where the 
sandy loam and vegetable mould, | boards are soaked with tar, or coat- 
about four inches apart, end three | ed over with pitch, and placed on a 
, cu 
