GENERAL OBSERVATIONS: ON SUBSIDIARY STUDIES 635 



The student should also know something of meteorology 

 and of surface geology and soil physics. He must have some 

 knowledge of zoology and especially of entomology, both because 

 insects act as carriers of disease and because he must know how 

 to keep his experimental plants free from all sorts of depreda- 

 tors. He should certainly know all the common insect pests, and 

 the broad general conditions under which all animal life develops 

 and functions. To know these things will give him a much 

 broader and firmer grasp of his own problems. 



In botany, the pathologist may be trusted to acquire as he 

 goes along a knowledge of the morphology and structure of 

 plants because all his life he will be making sections of various 

 organs on a variety of plants, but plant physiology he should 

 study thoroughly from the beginning, for how can one know the 

 meaning of a disease if he does not know the functions and 

 behavior of a normal plant ! He should also understand garden- 

 ing, that is the proper care and cultivation of plants in the open 

 and under glass, and to this end he should affiUate with compe- 

 tent gardeners. 



There is only one other group of studies I would touch 

 upon. Human and animal pathology and modern medicine, 

 with its stimulating outlook, are close neighbors, and the plant 

 pathologist will be wise to make friends with the well-trained 

 physician and the animal pathologist and to keep in touch as 

 much as he can with the progress of these sister sciences. 



There is a large program laid out, I hear it said. So be it, 

 but if you are not lazy nor wasteful of your time, but hew to 

 the line through a series of years you can accomplish it all and 

 much more, and must, because what I have mentioned is only 

 subsidiary to the main task. 



ON SEEING THINGS 



The successful student of nature, and especially the successful 

 scientific man, must not belong to that type against whom it was 

 said of old "Having eyes they see not!" In him "that inner 

 eye which," according to the poet, "is the bliss of solitude" 

 must be forever open to the faintest impressions from the 



