CAEAAVAY. 131 



parts of 70 per cent, alcohol at 20*^ ; additions of oil of turpentine, 

 cedar-wood oil, &c., betraying themselves by their insolubility." 



Caraway. 



The common name " Caraway," or " Carraway," is given to the 

 dried fruits of Carum Carui, Lin., a biennial umbelliferous plant 

 inhabiting moist low-lying land in many parts of N'orthern and 

 Central Europe. On such land it is cultivated in England in 

 Essex, Kent, Lincolnshire and Yorkshire. Both in the wild and 

 cultivated state it is also met with in Iceland,'^ Scandinavia, 

 Finland, Eussia, Siberia, Moravia, Prussia, the Pyrenees, Spain, 

 Armenia and the Caucasus. It is found wild in great abundance 

 in the high region of Lahul in the Western Himalaya,! and so 

 widely is this plant (usually found in cold climates) distributed, 

 that it is found largely grown in Morocco, particularly in the 

 neighbourhood of Larache, the product being shipped at Tangier to 

 England and America. It is also produced round Morocco city, 

 there forming a plant four feet in height. At Mogador it is called 

 " Fez Carraway seed." The Morocco seed is longer and paler than 

 the ordinary seed. The oriental names of carraway indicate that 

 it is not indigenous to the East, thus it is found designated as 

 "Eoman Cumin," "Armenian Cumin," "Mountain, or Foreign, 

 Cumin," " Persian and Andalusian Caraw^ay," and " Foreign 

 anise." 



The English name Caraway and the Spanish name Alcarahueya 

 are derived from the name given to this fruit by the Arabs, 

 Karaioya. 



Tlie root of the plant is like a parsnip, but much smaller, 

 running deep into the ground, sending out many small fibres, and 

 having a strong aromatic taste. The upper part of the plant 

 resembles that of a carrot, and the leaves are sometimes used as a 

 flavouring in cookery, in the same way as parsley. The roots are 

 said to be superior in flavour to those of a parsnip. 



The mericarps (half-fruits), which either hang loosely to the 

 carpophore, or are altogether separated, are about one sixth of an 

 inch long and one twentieth of an inch in diameter. They are 



* Jouin. Linn. Soc. Bot., xi., p. 310. 

 + Ibid., X., pp. 76, 94. 



